**The Progressive Era** Flashcards
1
Q
Progressivism
A
-Aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life during the early 1900s
2
Q
Muckrakers
A
-Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20th century
3
Q
Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
A
- Founded in Cleveland in 1874, anti-alchohol movement
- Women didn’t want their husbands to drink, abuse, fear for family, economics, if successful then it proves they can handle politics
- Abused by husbands who were drinking -Goal: put an end to manufacture, sale and consumption of alcohol
4
Q
18th Amendment
A
-Banned the sale and drinking of alcohol
5
Q
Women’s Suffrage Movement
A
-Goal: to gain women the right to vote
6
Q
19th Amendment
A
-Gave women the right to vote
7
Q
Theodore Roosevelt
A
- Believed in a strong federal government which (more involved than previous presidents)
- Wanted to regulate business, ensure the rights of labor, women, children and others
- Did not support laissez-faire
- Coal mine strike
- willingness to get involved in strikes and mediate between business and workers
- National Conservation Commission in 1908 to take an inventory of natural resources in all of the U.S.
- Meat Inspection Act
8
Q
Meat Inspection Act
A
- Dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection that was in use until it was replaced by more sophisticated techniques in the 1990s
- Pushed to pass by Roosevelt
9
Q
Upton Sinclair
A
- Muckraking journalist of The Jungle (1906)
- His focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago -Intended his novel to reveal “the breaking of human hearts by a system [that] exploits the labor of men and women for profits.”
- What most shocked readers in the book was the sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry
10
Q
The Jungle (focus on meat) (#5)
A
- Book about the meat packing plants Chicago and the life of an immigrant family
- Government response: Congress passed, and Roosevelt signed, the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
11
Q
Pure Food and Drug Act
A
- Enforced some federal inspection and mandated sanitary conditions in all companies selling meat across state lines
- Helped to restore public confidence in the meat industry
- Significance: proved that Progressives could bring about a public outcry that could eventually lead to reform/legislation
- Leads to the modern FDA – Food and Drug Administration
12
Q
William Taft
A
- Previous Secretary of War before he was handpicked as president by TR
- Lawyer, federal judge
- Promised to carry on TR’s progressive agenda (more progressive than TR)
- Broke up more monopolies and trusts in 4 years than TR did in 7 years
- Supported 8 hour work day and legislation to make mining safer
- Authorized the first tax on corporate profits
- Encouraged process led to creation of the federal income tax
- Served on Supreme Court
13
Q
Woodrow Wilson
A
- Former governor of NJ – reputation as a reformer
- Ran in 1912 on a reform platform
- Unlike Roosevelt, he criticized BOTH big business and big government
- Felt the govt had to be more involved
- Passed the Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 which spelled out specific activities businesses could not do = strengthened the nation’s anti-trust laws
- Appointed Louis Brandeis to Supreme Court in 1916 - controversial, very radical and Jewish
- Allowed for slight graduated income tax (make more money = pay at a slightly higher rate for their taxes)
14
Q
Tenement House
A
-Crowded, fire hazard, multiple families
15
Q
Labor Union (goals, tactics, reputation) (#3)
A
- Group of workers banding together (in a job / industry)
- Goals:
- To improve the pay, conditions, and power of the workers
- Fight for $, health care, time off, other benefits -
