**Immigration / Urbanization** Flashcards
1
Q
Ellis Island
A
-Entry point for many immigrants
2
Q
Uncle Sam
A
-Represents the USA -
3
Q
Old Immigrants
A
- Old until 1880
- Northern + Western Europe
- Mostly Protestant
- Easily assimilated (blend with culture)
- Most spoke English
- Literate
- Skilled labor
4
Q
New immigrants
A
- New 1880-1920
- Southern + Eastern Europe
- Mostly Catholic, Orthodox Christians, or Jewish
- Most likely came through Ellis Island in NYC
- Difficult to assimilate
- Discrimination
- Different religion
- Mostly poor (needed food, job, etc)
- Unskilled labor
5
Q
Melting Pot theory (modern day relation?)
A
-People from various cultures come to America + contribute aspects of their culture to create a new, unique American culture
6
Q
Assimilation
A
- Blending in with a culture
- A new culture is absorbed by the older one and the two become one
7
Q
Angel Island
A
- Ellis Island of the west coast
- Immigrants came from China, Japan
- Terrible conditions
8
Q
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
A
- Banned all Chinese immigrants from coming to the US
- Not repealed until 1943 when China became our ally in WWII
9
Q
Nativism
A
- Movement based on discriminatory ideas that “native born” Americans were threatened by immigrants
- Immigrants seen as:
- Lazy
- Alcohol abusers
- Prostitutes/criminals
- Competition for Jobs
10
Q
Quota Act (1921)
A
- An annual immigration ceiling is set at 350,000
- New nationality quota is instituted, limiting admissions to 3 percent of each nationality group’s representation in the 1910 census
- The law is designed primarily to restrict the flow of immigrants coming from eastern and southern Europe
11
Q
National Origins Act (1924)
A
- Reduces the annual immigration ceiling to 165,000
- A revised quota reduces admissions to 2 percent of each nationality group’s representation in the 1890 census
- The U.S. Border Patrol is created
12
Q
How did immigrants from several specific nations help to complete the railroad?
A
- Tens of thousands of Chinese immigrants worked (east to west) to law the Central Pacific line
- The Irish worked for the Union Pacific
- Workers died by the thousands in heat, cold, battles / violence
13
Q
Why was the US a perfect place for industry to thrive?
A
- Lack of government regulation allowed businesses to flourish and grow at a rapid pace
- Business owners had full control of their companies without government interference
14
Q
Gospel of Wealth
A
- (+) If super wealthy, give money to help community
- (-) Can’t force people to give money
- (-) Trusting billionaires to make the best decisions
15
Q
What are the Push factors that drove people to life in the United States?
A
- Population growth
- Competition for resources
- Competition for jobs - Competition for space
- Agricultural factors
- Famine, poor yield, weather, crop failures, etc.
- Political Turmoil → Religious persecution
16
Q
What are Pull factors that attracted people to life in the United States?
A
- Freedom
- Stable political system with limited government
- Bill of Rights
- Industrial Revolution
- Unskilled job opportunities
- New technologies
- Land - Lots of available, unsettled, cheap land
17
Q
Where were the two main points of entry for immigrants?
A
NYC (Ellis Island) and San Francisco (Angel Island)
18
Q
Robber barrens
A
- Business leader who makes money and controls an industry through nefarious methods (will put people out of business)
- Both Carnegie and Rockefeller
19
Q
Salad bowl theory
A
- Immigrants do not lose unique aspects of their cultures, instead they retain them
- The unique aspects of their culture are still identifiable within larger American society
- Ex: language, religion, customs, holidays, food
20
Q
What impact did the railroad have on the US?
A
- Linking the nation
- Internal Empire — government had ability to control coast to coast
- Boom for cities
- Mail service
- Time zones — need to know when trains are leaving
- Immigration
- Spurred mining and agriculture
- Fresh beef and other food
- New demand → need for supply → lower prices
21
Q
Factors for mass industrialization
A
TRANSPORTATION (the railroad)
RAW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY (steel, etc.)
CHEAP LABOR FORCE BOUNTIFUL MARKETS
22
Q
Why was there constant demand for goods from all parts of the country?
A
- No interstate tariffs
- Rapid growth of cities and transportation
23
Q
Why was Plessy v. Ferguson such an important case? What was the decision in the case and how did it affect civil rights in America?
A
- Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment
- The decision established the doctrine of “separate but equal,” which allowed states to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided equal service
*
24
Q
W.E.B. DuBois
A
- He was a Harvard educated Civil Rights leader
- Lived in the North
- Feared trade skills would keep African Americans trapped in the lower class
- Believed African Americans should fight for and demand equality
- African Americans should seek higher education in the arts and sciences
25
Booker T. Washington
* Lived in the South and born into slavery
* Believed that African Americans should not fight or demand rights, but earn the respect of whites
* Focused on trade education so A.A. could gain economic independence and the respect of white society by showing their skills
26
Identify and describe some of the actions taken by nativists to restrict immigration.
* The American Protective Association, a nativist group founded in 1887, launched vicious anti-Catholic attacks, and many colleges, businesses, and social clubs refused to admit Jews
* Congress passed a bill requiring a literacy test for immigrants
* Chinese Exclusion Act
27
Tenement
-
28
Why were new immigrants treated differently?
-
29
Why did most immigrants move to cities?
* Cheapest and most convenient place to live
* Cities also offered unskilled laborers steady jobs in mills and factories
30
What factors drew more and more people to cities in the late 1800s and early 1900s? How did this give factory owners the ability to abuse their workers?
There were lots of jobs available that didn't require skills or the ability to speak English
31
What were some problems that people faced living in the cities during the late 1800s and early 1900s?
* Safe drinking water
* Large, crowded
* High rents, low wage
* Robbery theft
* Police forces
32
Statue of liberty
Welcomed people from all parts of life to the US
33
Why were there many laws aimed to stop or limit flow of immigration?
Laws were born out of competition for jobs and fear + prejudice against different cultures
