**Immigration / Urbanization**

Question 1

Ellis Island

Answer 1

-Entry point for many immigrants

Question 2

Uncle Sam

Answer 2

-Represents the USA -

Question 3

Old Immigrants

Answer 3

• Old until 1880
• Northern + Western Europe
• Mostly Protestant
• Easily assimilated (blend with culture)
  
  • Most spoke English
  • Literate
  • Skilled labor

Question 4

New immigrants

Answer 4

• New 1880-1920
• Southern + Eastern Europe
• Mostly Catholic, Orthodox Christians, or Jewish
• Most likely came through Ellis Island in NYC
• Difficult to assimilate
  
  • Discrimination
  • Different religion
  • Mostly poor (needed food, job, etc)
  • Unskilled labor

Question 5

Melting Pot theory (modern day relation?)

Answer 5

-People from various cultures come to America + contribute aspects of their culture to create a new, unique American culture

Question 6

Assimilation

Answer 6

• Blending in with a culture
• A new culture is absorbed by the older one and the two become one

Question 7

Angel Island

Answer 7

• Ellis Island of the west coast
• Immigrants came from China, Japan
• Terrible conditions

Question 8

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Answer 8

• Banned all Chinese immigrants from coming to the US
• Not repealed until 1943 when China became our ally in WWII

Question 9

Nativism

Answer 9

• Movement based on discriminatory ideas that “native born” Americans were threatened by immigrants
• Immigrants seen as:
  
  • Lazy
  • Alcohol abusers
  • Prostitutes/criminals
  • Competition for Jobs

Question 10

Quota Act (1921)

Answer 10

• An annual immigration ceiling is set at 350,000
• New nationality quota is instituted, limiting admissions to 3 percent of each nationality group’s representation in the 1910 census
• The law is designed primarily to restrict the flow of immigrants coming from eastern and southern Europe

Question 11

National Origins Act (1924)

Answer 11

• Reduces the annual immigration ceiling to 165,000
• A revised quota reduces admissions to 2 percent of each nationality group’s representation in the 1890 census
• The U.S. Border Patrol is created

Question 12

How did immigrants from several specific nations help to complete the railroad?

Answer 12

• Tens of thousands of Chinese immigrants worked (east to west) to law the Central Pacific line
• The Irish worked for the Union Pacific
• Workers died by the thousands in heat, cold, battles / violence

Question 13

Why was the US a perfect place for industry to thrive?

Answer 13

• Lack of government regulation allowed businesses to flourish and grow at a rapid pace
• Business owners had full control of their companies without government interference

Question 14

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 14

• (+) If super wealthy, give money to help community
• (-) Can’t force people to give money
• (-) Trusting billionaires to make the best decisions

Question 15

What are the Push factors that drove people to life in the United States?

Answer 15

• Population growth
• Competition for resources
• Competition for jobs - Competition for space
• Agricultural factors
  
  • Famine, poor yield, weather, crop failures, etc.
• Political Turmoil → Religious persecution

Question 16

What are Pull factors that attracted people to life in the United States?

Answer 16

• Freedom
• Stable political system with limited government
• Bill of Rights
• Industrial Revolution
• Unskilled job opportunities
• New technologies
• Land - Lots of available, unsettled, cheap land

Question 17

Where were the two main points of entry for immigrants?

Answer 17

NYC (Ellis Island) and San Francisco (Angel Island)

Question 18

Robber barrens

Answer 18

• Business leader who makes money and controls an industry through nefarious methods (will put people out of business)
• Both Carnegie and Rockefeller

Question 19

Salad bowl theory

Answer 19

• Immigrants do not lose unique aspects of their cultures, instead they retain them
• The unique aspects of their culture are still identifiable within larger American society
• Ex: language, religion, customs, holidays, food

Question 20

What impact did the railroad have on the US?

Answer 20

• Linking the nation
• Internal Empire — government had ability to control coast to coast
• Boom for cities
• Mail service
• Time zones — need to know when trains are leaving
• Immigration
• Spurred mining and agriculture
• Fresh beef and other food
• New demand → need for supply → lower prices

Question 21

Factors for mass industrialization

Answer 21

TRANSPORTATION (the railroad)

RAW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY (steel, etc.)

CHEAP LABOR FORCE BOUNTIFUL MARKETS

Question 22

Why was there constant demand for goods from all parts of the country?

Answer 22

• No interstate tariffs
• Rapid growth of cities and transportation

Question 23

Why was Plessy v. Ferguson such an important case? What was the decision in the case and how did it affect civil rights in America?

Answer 23

• Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment
• The decision established the doctrine of “separate but equal,” which allowed states to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided equal service
  *

Question 24

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 24

• He was a Harvard educated Civil Rights leader
• Lived in the North
• Feared trade skills would keep African Americans trapped in the lower class
• Believed African Americans should fight for and demand equality
• African Americans should seek higher education in the arts and sciences

Question 25

Booker T. Washington

Answer 25

• Lived in the South and born into slavery
• Believed that African Americans should not fight or demand rights, but earn the respect of whites
• Focused on trade education so A.A. could gain economic independence and the respect of white society by showing their skills

Question 26

Identify and describe some of the actions taken by nativists to restrict immigration.

Answer 26

• The American Protective Association, a nativist group founded in 1887, launched vicious anti-Catholic attacks, and many colleges, businesses, and social clubs refused to admit Jews
• Congress passed a bill requiring a literacy test for immigrants
• Chinese Exclusion Act

Question 27

Tenement

Answer 27

-

Question 28

Why were new immigrants treated differently?

Answer 28

-

Question 29

Why did most immigrants move to cities?

Answer 29

• Cheapest and most convenient place to live
• Cities also offered unskilled laborers steady jobs in mills and factories

Question 30

What factors drew more and more people to cities in the late 1800s and early 1900s? How did this give factory owners the ability to abuse their workers?

Answer 30

There were lots of jobs available that didn’t require skills or the ability to speak English

Question 31

What were some problems that people faced living in the cities during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Answer 31

• Safe drinking water
• Large, crowded
• High rents, low wage
• Robbery theft
• Police forces

Question 32

Statue of liberty

Answer 32

Welcomed people from all parts of life to the US

Question 33

Why were there many laws aimed to stop or limit flow of immigration?

Answer 33

Laws were born out of competition for jobs and fear + prejudice against different cultures