The Popes: Early Church

Question 1

Apostle who was the first pope - the rock on which Jesus said he would built his church

Answer 1

Peter

Question 2

Successor to Peter; his only edict was to confirm that women had to wear a head covering in church

Answer 2

Linus

Question 3

Third Pope - Little known about him, possibly martyred

Answer 3

Anacletus

Question 4

Fourth Pope, the first of the Apostolic Fathers (Church Fathers who knew the apostles)

Answer 4

Clement I

Question 5

Epistle from the namesake Fourth Pope to Christians in Corinth which is part of basis for papal authority. This is the oldest extant Christian document outside of the New Testament.

Answer 5

I Clement

Question 6

Name for the religious writing supposedly narrated by Pope Clement I featuring numerous discourses with St. Peter.

This writing exists in two versions - the Greek ‘Homilies’ and the Latin ‘Recognitions.’

Answer 6

The Clementine Literature (Clementina, Clementine Romance, are also acceptable)

Question 7

Early pope who was the first one to have an antipope (Antipope Hippolytus) due to a close election. This pope ran a namesake series of catacombs on the Appian Way, in which several other popes were buried.

Answer 7

Callixtus I

Question 8

Early Pope famous for his election. Numerous distinguished candidates ran, however this man was elected because a dove landed on his head, and the Christians interpreted this is a sign from god.

Answer 8

Pope Fabian

Question 9

Pope whose reign included Constantine’s Edict of Milan and who condemned the Donatist Controversy

Answer 9

Pope Miltiades

Question 10

Hersey stating that the Christian Church’s priests should be saints, not sinners - harsh position against lapsi

Answer 10

Donatism

Question 11

Pope who launched construction of the original St. Peter’s Basilica, supposedly cured Constantine’s leprosy, and who legendarily defeated a dragon.

Answer 11

Sylvester I

Question 12

Document given by a Roman Emperor to Pope Sylvester handing him supremacy over all other bishops and even political leaders. Commonly used to justify papal authority during the Middle Ages, but was proved a forgery by Lorenzo Valla.

Answer 12

The Donation of Constantine

Question 13

Meeting of Bishops called by Constantine I, the first ecumenical council

Answer 13

Council of Nicaea

Question 14

Three Great Issues at Nicaea, and the solutions the council came up with

Answer 14

Arian Controversy - Arians excommunicated, Athanasian-Trinitarian-Homousians Christianity adopted as standard

Dating of Easter - Easter made separate from the Jewish Calendar

Melitian Schism - Compromise succeeds, Melitians (followers of Melitius of Lycopolis, Donatist-types who were against Lapsi, based in Egypt) accepted as priests

Question 15

Words suffixed with -ousion describing Christ’s relationship in nature to God the Father

Answer 15

Heterousion - Christ and God are of separate nature, extreme Arian view

Homoiousion - Christ and God are of similar nature, moderate Arian view

Homoousion - Christ and God are of same nature, Athanasian view which is now orthodox

Question 16

View that Easter should be celebrated on Nisan 14 in the Jewish Calendar, the the eve of Passover. Literally Fourteen-ism in latin.

Answer 16

Quartodecimanism

Question 17

Controversial pope who hired gladiators to massacre his electoral opponent’s supporters. He started the tradition of popes wearing patrician clothing and it was during his reign that the First Council of Constantinople occurred in 381.

Answer 17

Pope Damasus

Question 18

Council during which the Nicene Creed was confirmed with amendments into its current form. It’s addition of the word ‘Filioque’ (and from the son) in reference to where the holy spirit originates from became a major division point between Eastern and Western Christianity.

Answer 18

First Council of Constantinople