Modern African History - Southern Africa

Question 1

Founding Father of Tanzania, a leader of the TANU (Tanganyika African National Union) and later CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi - Party of the Revolution).

Answer 1

Julius Nyerere

Question 2

Declaration in which Nyerere and the TANU outlined the ideology of Ujamaa (familyhood)

Answer 2

Arusha Declaration

Question 3

Long-time right-wing anti-Soviet dictator of the DRC/Zaire who overthrew the democratically elected Patrice Lumumba, then sent him to Elizabethville (Lubumbashi) and killed him. Zaire under his rule has been called a kleptocracy as billions of treasury money flowed straight to this man.

Answer 3

Mobutu Sese Seko

Question 4

Political Party which ran one-party Zaire under Mobutu.

Answer 4

MPR (Movement Populaire de la Revolution)

Question 5

Mobutuist ideology sometimes called “Zaireanization” through which Belgian place names were turned into traditional Congolese names and abacosts were promoted as clothing.

Answer 5

Authenticite

Question 6

Event that sparked the Rwandan Genocide and the coded order given through the radio that began it.

Answer 6

Assassination of President Juvenal Habyarimana, “Cut Down The Tall Trees”

Question 7

Radio Station that gave the order “Cut Down The Tall Trees” and was a major contributor to the genocide. It was similar to the Kangura magazine which also contributed.

Answer 7

RTLM (Radio and Television and television for the Land of a Thousand Hills)

Question 8

French military operation which was supposed to create a ‘safe zone’ near the end of the genocide but became controversial after it started seemingly supporting the genocidal Hutu government.

Answer 8

Operation Turquoise

Question 9

French Canadian leader of the UN Peacekeeping force which failed to put an end to the Rwandan Genocide.

Answer 9

Romeo Dallaire

Question 10

Two main groups fighting in the Rwandan Genocide. Political/military groups - NOT ethnic groups.

Answer 10

FAR (Rwandan Armed Forces) - Government run army supported by Interahamwe Militia.

FPR (Rwandan Patriotic Front) - Largely Tutsi Unity Political Party which eventually won

Question 11

This war, which started after Paul Kagame and the new RPF government in Rwanda pursued Hutu “genocidaires” who had fled to Zaire/ the Congo, saw a coalition called the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (ADFL) led by Rwanda and Uganda with help from Angola and Burundi overthrow Mobutu and replace him with Laurent Desire Kabila.

Answer 11

First Congo War

Question 12

This war, sometimes called Africa’s World War, saw Rwanda and Uganda invade Laurent Kabila’s Congo in return for the expulsion of the Rwandan and Ugandan staff and soldiers who had been highly influential in the Congo since an earlier war. Many other countries like Sudan and Angola became involved supporting Kabila, and the war dragged on for a while until Kabila died in 2001.

Answer 12

Second Congo War

Question 13

This founding father of Namibia led the SWAPO (South West Africa People’s Organization) a political party and paramilitary organization, though dominated by the plurality Ovambo ethnic group, to independence from South Africa in 1990. He served as Namibia’s first president from 1990 to 2005.

Answer 13

Sam Nujoma

Question 14

Communist and later Democratic Socialist ruling party of Mozambique which under Samora Machel and Joaquim Chissano fought the Portuguese, and later fought a right-wing rebellion led by Afonso Dhalkama in the Mozambique Civil War. This party still runs Mozambique ( which is now a dominant party democracy) today.

Answer 14

FRELIMO (Mozambique Liberation Front)

Question 15

UN-sanctioned and undemocratic white-ruled country which declared independence after previously being part of a British colony of the same name with an epithet, but wasn’t recognized due to the British principle of “no independence without majority rule.” Fought the Second Chimurenga or this country’s Bush War with the ZAPU (Zimbabwe African People’s Union) and ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union) . It was led by Ian Smith.

Answer 15

Rhodesia (British Colony was Southern Rhodesia)

Question 16

More moderate, very short-lived (less than a year in 1979) mixed race un-recognized country that succeeded Rhodesia. It was formed by the Rhodesian “Internal Settlement.” Led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa but including Ian Smith, it agreed to the Lancaster House Agreement which called for fresh British-supervised elections - this resulted in the ZANU running a new form of this country up to today.

Answer 16

Zimbabwe-Rhodesia (ig Rhodesia is acceptable)

Question 17

Leader of ZANU-PF (Patriotic Front) (A merger of ZANU and ZAPU) who, initially a cool leader, later became a strongman dictator, ruling until 2017 when he was overthrown by the Zimbabwe military in favor of Emerson Mnangwana nicknamed “The Crocodile.”

Answer 17

Robert Mugabe

Question 18

Founding father and national hero of Zambia. He broke away from the Northern Rhodesian African National Congress to form his own political party the United National Independence Party (UNIP) which ran Zambia as a one party state until 1990, when he stepped down after losing the first free elections in Zambia.

Answer 18

Kenneth Kaunda

Question 19

Bechuanaland chieftain who was forced to give up his royal titles and leave in exile after he married the English woman Ruth Williams. However, he later returned, established the Botswana Democratic Party (still ruling to this day) and became Prime Minister, and upon Botswana independence in 1966 became Botswana’s first president until his 1980 death. His moderately right wing economic policies (along with diamonds) have largely been credited with Botswana’s economic miracle.

Answer 19

Seretse Khama

Question 20

War which began between a certain country’s three independence groups following independence after the Carnation Revolution in Portugal. It pitted the US-backed FNLA led by Holden Roberto and UNITAS led by Jonas Savimbi against the Cuban and Soviet backed MPLA led by Agostino Nieto, who won the war and became a certain country’s first president. This was one of the key proxy wars of the Cold War.

Answer 20

Angolan Civil War

Question 21

Long-time leader of Angola until he stepped down in 2017. His daughter was the richest woman in Africa before a corruption scandal. He has been praised for spearheading Angola’s economic recovery after civil war, but he has been condemned for the massive institutional corruption.

Answer 21

Jose Eduardo Dos Antos

Question 22

This rebellion in British Kenya was led largely by Dedan Kimathi. The Kapenguria Six was a group of people the British charged with masterminding this rebellion.

Answer 22

Mau Mau Uprising

Question 23

This founding father of Kenya was a student of Malinowski during his time in London. He advocated “Harambee” or community building. He worked against the Kipande ID and labor system and the exclusively European White Highlants settlements. He was succeeded by the dictator Daniel Arap Moi who served till 2002.

Answer 23

Jomo Kenyatta

Question 24

President of the Republic of the Congo who after losing an election to Pascal Lissouba, regained power after a bitter civil war with him. He continues to hold power to this day.

Answer 24

Denis Sassou Nguesso

Question 25

Country ruled by the crazy leader Omar Bongo. He created a national park system so large it took up 10% of this country. He was also very short, had 30 children, might’ve contributed millions to Jacques Chirac, and converted to Islam despite this country being Christian. This country is now run by his son Ali Bongo.

Answer 25

Gabon

Question 26

Country which had a crazy dictator Francisco Macias Nguema who executed people in soccer stadiums to the tune of “Those Were the Days.” He was succeeded by less-crazy dictator Teodoro Obiang, who rules to this day.

Answer 26

Equatorial Guinea

Question 27

Island Kingdom ruled by the Hova Dynasty including it’s first King Radama I and many queens named Ranavalona. It was ended and turned into a French Kingdom in 1897.

Answer 27

Madagascar