The Poor and Exploration of the Seas Flashcards
Name the 4 Main Causes of Poverty in Elizabethan England
Unemployment, Economic Failure, Rising population, Failing agriculture
How did Enclosure affect poverty?
People lost their jobs and their homes as fewer workers were needed
From which year did Henry VIII begin to reduce the value of English coins?
1542, by using less valuable metal to produce them
Which vital industry collapsed in Edward VI’s reign?
The Cloth Industry
How many people did the population rise by during Elizabeth’s reign?
1.2 million, from 2.8 to 4.0 million people
How did population growth increase poverty?
Higher rents and food prices due to increased demand
Over the 16th Century, how much did London’s population rise by?
140,000 peole
Name 2 Ways the closure of the monasteries damaged the poor
No support given by nuns and monks to those in need, people working in monasteries lost their jobs
Why were many soldiers left unemployed?
Nobles were banned from employing their own private armies by Henry VII
Define The Deserving Poor
Those who were poor due to sickness and disability and deserved charity
Define The Undeserving Poor
Those who were poor due to their idleness and undeserving of charity
In what year was Thomas Harman’s book on untrustworthy beggars written?
1567
What was the name of Thomas Harman’s book?
A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursitors
What was the influence of Harman’s book?
It reaffirmed beliefs about the idle poor and hardened people’s views towards those in poverty
How did wealthy people take action to help the deserving poor?
Setting up Almshouses to offer food and accommodation
Name 2 Examples of Almshouses set up
South London almshouses set up by Archbishop Whitgift, Stanford Park almshouses
What does York start to do in 1515?
Becomes the first city to start issuing beggars licenses
How does York refine this policy in 1928?
A master beggar is appointed to keep an eye on other beggars
What would happen to a beggar on their 2nd offence in 1535?
They would have a hole burned in their ear
Name 2 Ways Ipswich tries to alleviate poverty in 1569
Opens a hospital specifically for those experiencing poverty, Training scheme introduced for children in poverty
What percentage of the Norwich population were living in poverty in 1570?
80% of the population
What did Norwich do in 1570 to alleviate poverty?
The idle poor are given work while the rich are taxed to receive charitable support
Why was the Vagabonds Act of 1572 introduced?
Shifts responsibility from those living in poverty from the church to local communities
What were JPs tasked with doing as part of the Vagabonds Act?
Maintain a register of those living in poverty and provide the deserving poor with help
Which Act was introduced in 1576?
The Act for Setting The Poor On Work
What does the Act of 1576 require of JPs?
JPs must provide materials for those living in poverty who are able to work
What is the purpose of The Poor Law?
Formalises developments into a set of national laws that tax those with wealth to pay for the poor
Name 3 Consequences of The Poor Law
The law was imposed consistently, arguments broke out over which area was responsible for whom, Elizabethan Poor Law remained in effect in 19th century
Between what years did Francis Drake live?
1540-96
Between what years did John Hawkins live?
1532-95
When was Drake hired as a privateer by Elizabeth I?
1572
How did Drake delay the arrival of the Spanish Armada?
Sank 30 ships in the Spanish port of Cadiz
Why was John Hawkins important for Elizabethan exploration?
Responsible for introducing the trade in enslaved African people to England
How many Africans were enslaved over 4 voyages in the 1560s by Hawkins?
1,300 people
What was the worth of the treasure Drake returned home from after circumnavigating the Globe?
£200 million
What was the original purpose of Drake’s circumnavigation?
To discover new lands and claim them for England, to attack Spanish colonies in the New World
When did Drake claim New England?
5th June 1579
When did Drake seize the Cacafuego and attack Spanish ports in South America?
4th September 1578-April 1579
Which year does Drake sail through the perilous straits of Magellan and what are the consequences of this?
1578, Leaves one ship destroyed and the others scattered as The Golden Hind is now left alone
When does The Golden Hind collect goods from the Maluku Islands?
6th June 1579-March 1580
Name 3 Main Benefits of exploration to England
Wealth, Power, Territory
What was Walter Raleigh given permission to do in 1584?
Explore, colonise and rule any non-Christian land in return for a fifth of the gold and silver found there
When did Raleigh first try to establish the Roanoke colony?
1584
Why was Raleigh loyal to Elizabeth I?
Struggled to survive Mary I’s reign as a Protestant family, spent years fighting Catholic rebels in Ireland
Why was Raleigh banished from court in 1592?
Secret marriage of one of Elizabeth I’s Ladies in Waiting
