The Fall of Tsardom and Lenin Flashcards
What event sparked a wave of protests across the Russian Empire in 1905?
Bloody Sunday.
What significant meeting occurred in April 1905?
Third RSDLP Congress.
What did Lenin argue at the Third RSDLP Congress?
The Tsarist regime could only be overthrown if the peasants rose up against the monarchy.
What was the October Manifesto?
A response by Tsar Nicholas II to the 1905 Revolution, agreeing to reforms including freedom of speech and political parties.
When did Lenin return to St Petersburg?
8th November 1905.
What occurred during the Fourth RSDLP Congress in April 1906?
Further disagreements with the Mensheviks.
What was the outcome of the Fifth RSDLP Congress in May 1907?
The Bolsheviks dominated the congress.
Why did Lenin decide to move to Switzerland in June 1907?
The Second Duma was disbanded and the Okhrana was looking for revolutionaries.
What significant publication did Lenin release in 1909?
Materialism And Empirio Criticism.
What happened in January 1910 regarding the Bolshevik Party?
Lenin did not support a move to reunite the Bolsheviks but was outvoted.
What was the purpose of the Eighth International Socialist Congress in April 1910?
Lenin attended as a representative of the RSDLP.
What significant relationship did Lenin begin in May 1910?
An extra-marital relationship with Inessa Armand.
What decision did the RDSLP make in June 1911?
To focus attention back on Russia.
What major event occurred on 1st August 1914?
Germany declared war on Russia.
What was the significance of the name change from St Petersburg to Petrograd in September 1914?
St Petersburg was considered too German.
What did Lenin advocate at the Zimmerwald Conference in September 1915?
Socialists should use the war to foment a revolution against the aristocracy.
What did Lenin publish in 1917 regarding imperialism?
Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism.
What sparked the February Revolution in January 1917?
150,000 workers protested due to lack of food and poor living conditions.
What notable action was taken on 27th February 1917 during the February Revolution?
Tsar Nicholas ordered troops onto the streets to remove protesters by force.
What was established by the Duma during the February Revolution?
A Provisional Committee demanding the Tsar’s abdication.
When did Tsar Nicholas II abdicate?
2nd March 1917.
What was the role of Lenin’s April Theses published in April 1917?
To outline the need for immediate peace and transfer of power to the proletariat.
Who joined the Bolsheviks on 2nd July 1917?
Leon Trotsky.
What were the July Days in 1917?
Demonstrations against the government organized by Stalin and supported by workers and soldiers.
What was the outcome of the October Revolution in 1917?
Bolshevik forces occupied key buildings and arrested members of the Provisional Government.
What was established on 26th October 1917?
The first Soviet government with Lenin as Chairman.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia?
It gave non-Russian ethnic groups the right to set up their own independent states.
What was the purpose of the Cheka established on 6th December 1917?
To arrest, imprison, and execute opponents of Lenin.
What treaty ended Russian involvement in World War One?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3rd March 1918.
What significant military force did Trotsky form in 1918?
The Red Army.
What happened to the Romanov family on 17th July 1918?
They were executed at Yekaterinburg.
What did Lenin blame for the food shortages in Russia in 1918?
Kulaks hoarding grain to increase its value
Kulaks were wealthy peasants who resisted grain requisitioning.
What significant change was made by the Russian Congress of the Soviets in July 1918?
Renaming the Russian Republic to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
When was the Romanov family executed and what is the historical debate surrounding it?
Executed on July 17, 1918; debate on whether Lenin sanctioned the execution
The execution took place in Yekaterinburg.
What was the outcome of Lenin’s assassination attempt in August 1918?
Lenin was badly injured and Stalin proposed a ‘mass terror’ against those responsible
What was the Red Terror and when did it begin?
A campaign ordered by Lenin to put down political opposition, began in September 1918
What declaration was made in November 1918 regarding Poland?
Poland declared independence from Russia
What was the Russo-Polish War and when did it begin?
Clash between Polish and Russian troops over territory, began in February 1919
What role was formalized in March 1919 regarding the Communist Party?
The role of the Politburo to operate with the Central Committee to formulate policy
When did the Red Army virtually defeat the White forces during the Russian Civil War?
July 1919
What did Lenin introduce in January 1920?
Labour conscription for all 16 to 50 year olds
What was the outcome of the Russo-Polish War in mid-August 1920?
The Red Army was forced to retreat from Poland and a peace treaty was signed at Riga
What did Lenin announce in February 1921?
His New Economic Policy (NEP)
What was the purpose of the New Economic Policy introduced by Lenin?
To allow peasants to keep a portion of their produce and enable private trading
What significant event occurred on January 1, 1922, regarding the Russian currency?
A new Russian Ruble was introduced, worth 10,000 old rubles
Who was chosen for the new post of General Secretary in April 1922?
Joseph Stalin
What happened to Lenin on May 25, 1922?
He suffered a stroke while recovering from surgery
What was the fate of Lenin after his second stroke in December 1922?
He withdrew from politics but remained the leader of the Communist Party
What document did Lenin complete in January 1923, and what did it propose?
The Testament; proposed changes to the structure of Communism and thoughts on successors
What was the Declaration of the Forty Six and when was it written?
A document expressing concern about the lack of democracy in the party, written in October 1923
What significant event happened on January 21, 1924?
Vladimir Lenin died
What change was made to Petrograd on January 26, 1924?
Renamed Leningrad to honour Lenin
