The Plantations Flashcards
What is a plantation?
When Irish land was confiscated by the English crown and then colonised by British settlers
Who were the Old English?
They were the people living in the pale who are loyal to the king
Who were the Anglo-Irish?
Descendants of the Anglo-Normans. Adopted the Gaelic way of life, following Irish and English rules
Who were the Gaelic Irish?
The Gaelic chieftains who followed Irish (Brehon) Law. Didn’t recognise the English king as ruler
What are differences between Brehon Law and English Law?
No jails or executions in Brehon law. Divorce forbidden in English Law. Women kept their own wealth and property in Brehon law.
Why did the tudors want to conquer Ireland?
To expand their territory, spread English customs, prevent catholic Gaelic Irish from forming and alliance and to prevent any further rebellions
What is surrender and regrant?
Under this policy the Anglo Irish and Gaelic Irish were to surrender themselves and their lands to Henry the 8th, and he would grant their land back to them along with an English title
What is succession?
Land was now passed direct from father o son instead of owning all land as a group under Brehon Law
What was the 9 years war?
The Gaelic clans in Ulster fought against the spread of English control during the Ulster Plantation
What was the flight of the Earls
When O’Neill and other Ulster chiefs fled for Europe, hoping to come back with troops, but when they didn’t come back there was no resistance against English rule
Who were servitors?
English or Scottish soldiers who had fought for the crown.
Who were loyal Irish?
Native Irish who had stayed loyal to the crown during the 9 years war
What were the results of the Ulster plantation?
A population growth, religious division, new farming methods and new towns
What effect did the plantations have on Irish identity?
They created a new religious divide between protestants and catholics( with protestants being wealthier), political conflict ( the penal laws) and the decline of the Irish language
