The Peritoneum and Upper Abdomen Viscera Flashcards
Splanchnic is associated with what?
Viscera
Hepatic is associated with what
The liver
Cystic is associated with what?
Gallbladder
Colic is associated with what?
Colon
Recto is associated with what?
Rectum
What are the characteristics of the peritoneum?
This translucent serous membrane
What does the parietal peritoneum line?
Lines the inner abdominal wall
What does the visceral peritoneum line?
The organs
Organs behind the peritoneum are termed what?
Retroperitoneal
Where do vessels tend to travel in reference to the peritoneal layers?
Between the layers in the mesenteries
What is the peritoneal sac?
All visceral and perietal peritoneal membranes
What is a peritoneal cavity?
A potential space within a sac
What is the purpose of a peritoneal cavity?
Allows organs to move freely without friction
What fills a healthy peritoneal cavity?
A small amount of serous fluid
What are the structures in the portal triad?
Hepatic artery proper, bile duct, and portal vein
What ligament holds the liver to diaphragm and the anterior abdominal wall?
The falciform ligament
Where is the omental bursa?
Posterior to the stomach, anterior to the left kidney, and medial to the spleen
What is the opening to the omenta bursa?
The omental foramen
What does the greater omentum attach to?
To the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon
What is the gastrocolic ligament?
This is the “apron” part of the greater omuntum that drapes over the small intestine
How many layers of peritoneum is the greater omentum?
Four layers of peritoneum
What are two functional purposes of the greater omentum?
It can wall off infection and inflammation sites
What are the three ligaments of the greater omentum?
Gastrocolic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, and gastrophrenic ligament
What three things does the lesser omentum attach to?
The lesser curvature of the stomach, the duodenum, and the liver
What does the hepatogastric ligament attach?
The liver to the stomach
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament attach?
The liver to the duodenum
What is contained in the hepatoduodenal ligament?
The portal triad
The greater omentum is a derivative of what?
The dorsal mesentery
The lesser omentum is a derivative of what?
The ventral mesenteries
What does the mesentery proper anchor?
Most of the small intestine to the abdominal wall
What does the mesentery proper run between?
Duodenojejunal junction to the ileocecal junction
About how long is the mesentery proper?
15-20 cm
What does the suspensory ligament of Trietz attach?
The duodenum to the diaphragm to keep the duodenum from sagging?
What part of the diaphragm does the ligament of Trietz descend from?
The left cruz
What does the mesocolon anchor?
Portions of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall
What part of the colon does not have mesentery?
Ascending and descending portions
What anchors the transverse colon?
The transverse mesocolon
What anchors the sigmoid colon?
The sigmoid mesocolon
The supracolic compartment of the mesocolon contains what?
Stomach liver and spleen
The infracolic compartment of the mesocolon contains what?
Small intestine, and ascending and descending colon
What does the falciform ligament divide?
The liver into right and left lobes
What is the inferior most part of the falciform ligament called?
The round ligament of the liver
The inferior border of the falciform ligament contains what?
Obliterated umbilical vein
What is the bare area of the liver?
This is a portion of the superior liver that has no covering and came through the septum transversum during development
What is the coronary ligament?
Reflections of peritoneum around the bare area of the liver
What does the coronary ligament attach?
This attaches the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm
What is the fetal urachus?
Original allantoic diverticulum that persists throughout much of development as a stalk which extends from the bladder to the umbilical region
What does the fetal urachus become?
Median umbilical ligament
What does the median umbilical ligament attach to?
The apex of the bladder to the umbilicus
What is the median inguinal fossae?
The fossae between the medial and lateral umbilical folds
What is the median umbilical fossae also called?
Inguinal triangles or Hesselbach triangles
Where are the lateral umbilical fossae?
Lateral to the lateral umbilical folds, including the deep inguinal rings
What are the two major pouches in the abdominal cavity?
Hepatorenal pouch and rectovesical or rectouterine pouch
Where is the hepatorenal pouch and what is the deepest part?
Between the liver and kidney and the deepest part is on the right side
What is the hepatorenal pouch bounded by?
Liver, right kidney, colon, and duodenum
What is the quadrate lobe of the kidney?
An indention of the posterior wall of the liver just medial to the gall bladder
What is the caudate lobe of the liver?
This is an indention of the posterior superior wall of the liver just medial to the IVC
Where is the gallbladder attached?
To the inferior surface of the liver
What are the three parts of the gallbladder?
Fundus, body, and neck
What does the gallbladder come into contact with?
Duodenum, colon, and anterior abdominal wall
What is the arterial supply to the gallbladder?
Cystic artery
How much bile is produced each day?
About 750 ml
What do the right and left hepatic ducts receive?
Bile from the right and left lobes of the liver
What does the common hepatic duct receive?
Bile from the left and right hepatic ducts
What does the cystic duct connect to?
The gallbladder
What does the common bile duct receive?
Cystic and common hepatic ducts
The common bile duct joins with what before entering the duodenum?
Main pancreatic duct
The common bile duct and main pancreatic duct enter the duodenum where?
The major duodenal papillae
The major papillae of the duodenum is what major line of demarkation?
The line between the foregut and midgut
What does the pancreas consist of?
Head, neck, body, tail, and uncinate process
Is the pancreas retro- or intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
What surrounds the pancreas?
C shaped duodenum on right and spleen on left
The pancreas has drainage into the duodenum at what two points?
The accessory duct and the main pancreatic duct connect to the minor duodenal papillae and the major duodenal papillae
The spleen contacts the diaphragm along what ribs?
9 - 11
What is the spleen connected to?
The greater curvature of the stomach and the left kidney
What is contained in the gastrosplenic ligament?
The short gastric and gastro-omental vessels
What is the ligament that connects the spleen to the left kidney?
Splenorenal ligament
What is the ligament that connects the spleen to the stomach?
Gastrosplenic ligament
The splenorenal ligament contains what?
Splenic vessels
What is the splenic hilum?
This is an entry point for the splenic vessels and occasionally the tail of the pancreas reaches this area
What is the arterial supply of the spleen?
Splenic artery of the celiac trunk
What is the major arterial supply of the foregut?
Celiac trunk
What is the major arterial supply of the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
What is the major arterial supply of the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
What are three main branches of the Celiac trunk?
Common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic aa.
What vertebral level is the aortic hiatus?
T12
What vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate into left and right common iliac aa?
L4
Where in relation to the umbilicus is the aortic bifurcation?
2 - 3 cm inferior and left
The celiac trunk supplies what
Liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and spleen
What are the two terminal branches of the common hepatic artery?
Proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery
What does the common hepatic artery split into?
The left and right hepatic arteries
The common hepatic supplies what part of the stomach?
The lesser curve
The gastroduodenal artery splits into what two branches?
The superior pancreaticosuodenal artery (posterior and anterior branches) and right gastroepiploic artery
What does the gastroepiploic artery supply?
The greater curvature of the stomach
What does the left gastric artery supply?
Stomach and esophagus (via esophageal branches)
What does the splenic artery supply?
Pancreas and spleen
The splenic artery branches into what?
Short gastric and left gastroepiploic arteries
The short gastric arteries supply what?
The greater curvature of the stomach
