Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Test Two Material > Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the entrance to the stomach from the esophagus?

A

Cardiac oriface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the exit from the stomach to the duodenum?

A

The pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary function of the stomach?

A

Enzymatic digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the mobility of the duodenum?

A

Fixed and relatively immobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the mobility of the jejunum and ilium?

A

Tethered but very mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the combined length of the three parts of the small intestine?

A

20 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the permanent folds within the small intestine called?

A

Plicae circularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the concentration of the plicae circularis in the proximal and distal portions of the small intestine?

A

Become fewer or more diffuse as we move distally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the ileocecal junction?

A

Where the ilium empties into the cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What allows the small intestine to be more compact and fit into the abdomen?

A

Tonic contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What part of the duodenum is intra versus retraperitoneal?

A

The duodenal cap is retroperitoneal and the rest of the duodenum is intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What vertebral level is the superior part of the duodenum?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What vertebral level is the descending part of the duodenum?

A

L2-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What vertebral level is the inferior part of the duodenum?

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What vertebral level is the ascending part of the duodenum?

A

L3-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As we move proximal to distal in the jejunum and ilium what happens to the vasa recta?

A

They decrease in length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

As we move proximal to distal in the jejunum and ilium what happens to the plica circularis?

A

They decrease in number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

As we move proximal to distal in the jejunum and ilium what happens to the arterial arcades?

A

They increase in length and number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

As we move proximal to distal in the jejunum and ilium what happens to fat accumulation?

A

It increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

As we move proximal to distal in the jejunum and ilium what happens regarding lymphatics?

A

They increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If the jejunum and ilium section of the small intestine were divided into fifths, how long is each component?

A

Jejunum is proximal 2/5 and ilium is distal 3/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Using the quadrant abdominal division, where are the jejunum and ilium located?

A

Jejunum is upper left and ilium is lower right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum?

A

Remnant of the embryonic yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where would Meckel’s diverticulum be found?

A

1 m proximal to ilieocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many parts are there in the large intestine?

A

5 segments and 2 flexures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 5 segments of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the two flexures of the large intestine called?

A

Right colic (hepatic), and left colic (splenic) flexures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is the left colic flexure attached?

A

This part of the large intestine is attached to the diaphragm via splenocolic flexure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the right and left paracolic gutters?

A

These are depressions that are lateral to the ascending and descending segments of the large intestine, through which materials pass from one region of the peritoneal cavity to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the teniae coli?

A

These are 3 smooth muscle bands paralleling the length of the colon

31
Q

What are the haustra coli?

A

These are outpouchings that are created by the teniae coli

32
Q

What are the epiploic appendages?

A

These are fat tags found along the colon (blobs of fat)

33
Q

The left branch of the middle colic artery anastomoses with what artery?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

34
Q

How many arteries does the SMA send to the small intestine?

A

15 - 18

35
Q

How distal of the intestine does the SMA supply?

A

Up to the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

36
Q

Where is the IMA located on the aorta?

A

5 cm superior to the aortic bifurcation

37
Q

What part of the intestine does the IMA supply?

A

Starts at the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon and supplies to rectum

38
Q

What are the three main branches of the IMA?

A

Left colic, sigmoid (4), and superior rectal

39
Q

Where do the middle colic and left colic arteries anastomose?

A

At the marginal arteries

40
Q

Why do anastomoses exist between colic branches?

A

For collateral circulation, this forms consistent vascular arc around the colon

41
Q

The renal arteries are branches of what artery?

A

Lateral branches of abdominal aorta, lateral to SMA

42
Q

The renal arteries send branches off to what two other structures?

A

Adrenal glands and ureters

43
Q

What artery do the ovarian and the testicular arteries come from?

A

The gonadal artery which is a lateral branch of the aorta (inferior to the renal artery

44
Q

Explain the path ovarian arteries must cross to supply the ovaries.

A

They will cross over the ureters and the iliac vessels, and descend into pelvis to supply the ovaries

45
Q

Explain the path testicular arteries must cross to supply the testes.

A

Cross over ureters and enters inguinal canal, then descends into scrotum to supply the testes

46
Q

The gonadal arteries will descend along what muscle?

A

The psoas muscle

47
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava start?

A

Begins at the L5 level at the union of common iliac veins

48
Q

What areas of the body does the IVC drain?

A

LL, most of the back, abdominal wall, and abdominal pelvic viscera, and nutrient rich blood from the portal venous system.

49
Q

Where is the portal vein started?

A

By the union of the splenic and the superior mesenteric veins

50
Q

The portal vein has venous return from what viscera?

A

Spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, abdominal gastrointestinal tract

51
Q

What are the 4 portal-caval anastomoses?

A

Gastric vv. and esophageal vv.,
paraumbilical vv. and epigastric vv.,
superior rectal vv. and middle/inferior rectal vv.,
colic vv. and retroperitoneal vv.

52
Q

Of the gastric and esophageal vv, which is portal and which is caval?

A

Gastric vv. is portal

esophageal vv. is caval

53
Q

Of the paraumbilical and epigastric vv. which is portal and which is caval?

A

paraumbilical vv. is portal

epigastric vv. is caval

54
Q

Of the superior rectal and middle/inferior rectal vv. which is portal and which is caval?

A

Superior rectal vv. is portal

middle/inferior rectal vv. is caval

55
Q

Of the colic vv. and retroperitoneal vv. which is portal and which is caval?

A

Colic vv. is portal

retroperitoneal vv. is caval

56
Q

The portal venous system is missing what structure that other venous systems have?

A

Valves, the portal system relies solely on pressure

57
Q

Dilated esophageal vv. produce what?

A

esophageal varices

58
Q

Dilated epigastric vv. produce what?

A

caput medusae

59
Q

Dilated inferior/middle rectal vv. produces what?

A

hemorrhoids

60
Q

The sympathetic nervous system has what other name?

A

Thoracolumbar (T1-L2)

61
Q

Where are the parasympathetic nerves located?

A

Cranial and S2-S4

62
Q

Innervation to the viscera of the abdomen is via what?

A

Autonomic n. plexus

63
Q

What vertebral levels innervates the entire abdomen?

A

T5 - L2

64
Q

What is cranial nerve ten?

A

Vagus nerve

65
Q

Preganglionic splanchnic nn synapse where?

A

In collateral ganglia

66
Q

Postganglionic fibers leave collateral ganglia to reach what?

A

Effector organs

67
Q

Post synaptic fibers travel on all what?

A

Main arterial branches

68
Q

T10 - T11 are sympathetic chain nerve exceptions, where do they synapse?

A

At SMA collateral ganglion

69
Q

T12 is a sympathetic chain nerve exception, where does this nerve synapse?

A

Renal or para-aortic

70
Q

Preganglionic nerves from CN X travel on what?

A

Upper arterial branches (celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa., and all their branches)

71
Q

Preganglionic nerves from S2-S4 travel on what?

A

Lower arterial branches (IMA and branches)

72
Q

Where are the cell bodies in the parasympathetic nerves of the abdomen?

A

In the walls of the organs that they innvervate

73
Q

What are the four major autonomic ganglia and their associated plexus?

A

Celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion

74
Q

Postganglionic and what term are interchangeable?

A

Postsynaptic

Anatomy Test Two Material (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions