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Anatomy Test Two Material > Histology of the Urinary System > Flashcards

Histology of the Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The presence of more than on ureter is typically the result of what embryological anomaly?

A

More than two uterine buds

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2
Q

Kidneys filter blood to keep it pure of what four things?

A

Toxins, metabolic wastes, excess water, and excess ions

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3
Q

What are the three nitrogenous wastes that the kidneys remove from the blood?

A

Urea, uric acid, and creatinine

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4
Q

The kidneys regulate the balance of what?

A

Water, electrolytes, acids and bases

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5
Q

How many histologic portions does the renal capsule have?

A

Two

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6
Q

What does the outer layer of the renal capsule have in abundance that dyes the layer blue?

A

Collagen

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7
Q

What cell types composes the inner layer of the renal capsule?

A

Myofibroblasts

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8
Q

What in the kidney is immediately deep to the capsule?

A

The cortex

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9
Q

What renal structures are in the cortex?

A

Renal corpuscles and associated tubules

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10
Q

What renal structures are in the medulla?

A

Straight tubules, collecting ducts, and vasa recta

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11
Q

What does a renal lobe consist of?

A

A renal pyramid, its overlying renal cortex, one half of each adjacent renal columns

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12
Q

What are the two capillary beds in the renal vasculature?

A

Glomerulus and peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

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13
Q

What are the names of the arterioles that go into and leave the glomerulus capillaries?

A

Afferent go into the glomerulus capillaries and efferent leave the glomerulus capillaries

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14
Q

Describe the structures that blood passes through as it moves through the kidneys, starting with the aorta and ending with IVC.

A

Aorta, renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobar artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus capillary, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary and vasa recta, interlobar vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein, IVC

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15
Q

What are the three main functions of the kidney?

A

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

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16
Q

What are the two parts of the nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle (filtration happens here) and Renal tubule

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17
Q

What happens in the renal tubule?

A

This is where tubular reabsorption and secretion happens

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18
Q

Each nephron drains into what?

A

A collecting tubule

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19
Q

There are roughly how many nephrons per kidney?

A

1 million

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20
Q

What are the two kinds of nephrons?

A

Juxtamedullary and cortical

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21
Q

What are medullary rays?

A

These are straight portions of the loop of henley found on light microscope slides

22
Q

What happens in the renal corpuscle?

A

Where glomerular filtration happens

23
Q

What are the two components of the renal corpuscle?

A

The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule (aka glomerular capsule)

24
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

A tuft of capillaries composed of 10 - 20 capillary loops. The glomerular capillaries are supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by an efferent arteriole

25
Q

What are the two layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Visceral layer (inner layer) and parietal (external layer)

26
Q

What are the extension of podocytes called

A

Pedicles

27
Q

What is the space between two pedicles of a podocyte called?

A

Filtration slit

28
Q

What is the slit diaphragm of a podocyte?

A

A semipermeable membrane covering the slit

29
Q

What does the renal tubule consist of?

A

PCT, loop of Henley (nephron tube), DCT

30
Q

What is PCT lined with?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

31
Q

PCT have what appearance in slides/pictures?

A

Fuzzy and also the borders of the cuboidal cells are not visible

32
Q

The thick descending limb of the loop of Henley is lined with what?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial cells

33
Q

The thin descending limb of the loop of Henley is lined with what?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

34
Q

The thin ascending limb of the loop of Henley is lined with what?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

35
Q

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henley is lined with what?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

36
Q

Describe the lumen the the DCT versus the PCT.

A

Lumen is smoother and larger, and we can start to see some of the cell borders in DCT

37
Q

What is the color of PCT cytoplasm indicating what stain affinity?

A

Reddish, acidophilic

38
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Structure where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of loop of Henley

39
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of what two things?

A

Macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

40
Q

What tissue lines the collecting ducts?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

41
Q

What are the four layers of the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia

42
Q

What is the mucosa of the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium (urothelium) and lamina propria

43
Q

What are the three layers of the muscularis layer in the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A

Inner longitudinal layer, outer circular layer, and outermost longitudinal layer (distal end of ureter and present in bladder)

44
Q

Are the ureters and urinary bladder, intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

45
Q

If something in retroperitoneal what is it lined with?

A

Adventitia

46
Q

How long are ureters?

A

10-12 inches

47
Q

What is the shape of the ureter lumen?

A

Star shaped

48
Q

The female urethra is lined with what?

A

Initially urothelium and then stratified squamous epithelium (occasionally pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

49
Q

What is the prostatic part of the male urethra lined with?

A

Urothelium

50
Q

What is the membranous part of the male urethra lined with?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium

51
Q

What is the spongy part of the male urethra lined with?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium (distally; stratified squamous epithelium)

Anatomy Test Two Material (16 decks)

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