Diaphragm, Kidneys, and Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
The central tendon of the diaphragm comes from what embryologic structure?
The septum transversum
The diaphragm is derived from what somites?
3, 4, and 5
The phrenic nerves originate from what spinal segments?
C3, C4, and C5
What is the opening in the diaphragm at T8?
IVC foramen
What is the opening in the diaphragm at T10?
Esophageal hiatus
What is the opening in the diaphragm at T12?
Aortic hiatus
What are the Arcuate ligaments or Lumbocostal arches?
Median arcuate ligament, 2medial arcuate ligaments, and 2 lateral arcuate ligaments
The median arcuate ligaments arch over what?
Aorta
The medial arcuate ligaments arch over what?
Psoas mm.
The lateral arcuate ligaments arch over what?
Quadratus lumborum mm.
What vessels of the diaphragm supply the superior surface?
Pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa. via internal thoracic and thoracic aorta
What vessels of the diaphragm supply the inferior surface?
Inferior phrenic aa. via abdominal aorta
What vessels supply the periphery of the diaphragm?
Musculophrenic aa. via internal thoracic aa
What is the venous drainage of the diaphragm?
via accompanying vv to IVC
At what vertebral level are the kidneys located?
T12-L3
The superior pole of the left and right kidneys are at what ribs?
Left is at 11th and right is at 12th rib
What surrounds the kidneys?
Fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat
What immediately surrounds the kidneys?
Fibrous capsule
What is the outer 1/3 of the internal structure of the kidney?
The renal cortex
What is the inner 2/3 of the internal structure of the kidney?
Renal medula
What does the renal medula contain?
Renal pyramids
What do the apex of renal pyramids receive?
Renal papillae
What comes before the ureter?
Renal pelvis
What comes before the renal pelvis?
Major calyces
What comes before the major calyces?
Minor calyces
What comes before the minor calyces?
Renal papillae
Which renal artery is longer?
The right
Which renal vein is longer?
The left
From anterior to posterior what are the three structures in the hilum of the kidney?
The renal vein, renal artery and the renal pelvis
Describe the structures urine passes through from the renal papillae to exiting the body…
Renal papillae to minor calyces, to majro calyces, to renal pelvis, to ureter, to urinary bladder, to urethra, to exit
How many arteries supply the ureters?
3-4
What are the arteries that could supply the ureters?
Renal a., testicular or ovarian a., abdominal aorta or common iliac a., internal iliac a.
What are kidney stones also called?
Caliculi
What is the ultrasonic crushing of kidney stones called?
Lithotripsy
What is the shape of the right adrenal gland?
Roughly triangular
What is the shape of the left adrenal gland?
Semilunar
Where is the right adrenal gland found?
Superior to right kidney, posterior to IVC
Where is the left adrenal gland found?
Superomedial to left kidney near hilum
What does the adrenal cortex do?
Produce adrenal steroids
What does the adrenal medulla do?
Act as sympathetic ganglion that are modified neuronal cells (Medullary or chromaffin cells)
What three arteries supply the adrenal cortex?
Superior suprarenal aa., middle suprarenal aa., inferior suprarenal aa.
What are the six muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
Transversus abdominus m., quadratus lumborum m., psoas major m., ilacus m., psoas minor m., diaphragm
How many lumbar arteries are there?
4 pairs
What ventral rami do the nerves of the posterior wall come from?
T12-L4
Generally where is the lumbar plexus nn. found?
Beneath fascia of posterior abdominal mm.
Generally where is the subcostal n. found?
1 cm inferior to 12th rib
The subcostal n. supplies sensory to what?
Sensory to ant./lat. abdominal wall
The subcostal n. supplies motor to what?
abdominal mm.: EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL
The iliohypogastric n. supplies what?
Skin of suprapubic (suprapelvic) region
The ilioinguinal n. runs through what?
The inguinal canal (but does not go through the deep ring) to supply it
The genitofemoral n. branches into what to nerves?
Femoral br. and genital br.
The lateral femoral cutaneous n. supplies what?
Anterior lateral skin of the thigh
The femoral n. passes between what two muscles?
iliacus and psoas major muscle
What does the femoral n. supply?
Sensory and motor to anterior thigh
The obturator n. runs medial to what muscle?
Psoas major mm.
The obturator n., passes through what bony foramen?
The obturator foramen
The obturator n. supplies what?
Sensory and motor to medial thigh
What does the lumbosacral trunk help form in the pelvis?
The sacral plexus
