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Anatomy Test Two Material > Diaphragm, Kidneys, and Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Kidneys, and Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The central tendon of the diaphragm comes from what embryologic structure?

A

The septum transversum

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2
Q

The diaphragm is derived from what somites?

A

3, 4, and 5

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3
Q

The phrenic nerves originate from what spinal segments?

A

C3, C4, and C5

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4
Q

What is the opening in the diaphragm at T8?

A

IVC foramen

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5
Q

What is the opening in the diaphragm at T10?

A

Esophageal hiatus

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6
Q

What is the opening in the diaphragm at T12?

A

Aortic hiatus

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7
Q

What are the Arcuate ligaments or Lumbocostal arches?

A

Median arcuate ligament, 2medial arcuate ligaments, and 2 lateral arcuate ligaments

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8
Q

The median arcuate ligaments arch over what?

A

Aorta

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9
Q

The medial arcuate ligaments arch over what?

A

Psoas mm.

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10
Q

The lateral arcuate ligaments arch over what?

A

Quadratus lumborum mm.

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11
Q

What vessels of the diaphragm supply the superior surface?

A

Pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa. via internal thoracic and thoracic aorta

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12
Q

What vessels of the diaphragm supply the inferior surface?

A

Inferior phrenic aa. via abdominal aorta

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13
Q

What vessels supply the periphery of the diaphragm?

A

Musculophrenic aa. via internal thoracic aa

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14
Q

What is the venous drainage of the diaphragm?

A

via accompanying vv to IVC

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15
Q

At what vertebral level are the kidneys located?

A

T12-L3

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16
Q

The superior pole of the left and right kidneys are at what ribs?

A

Left is at 11th and right is at 12th rib

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17
Q

What surrounds the kidneys?

A

Fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat

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18
Q

What immediately surrounds the kidneys?

A

Fibrous capsule

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19
Q

What is the outer 1/3 of the internal structure of the kidney?

A

The renal cortex

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20
Q

What is the inner 2/3 of the internal structure of the kidney?

A

Renal medula

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21
Q

What does the renal medula contain?

A

Renal pyramids

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22
Q

What do the apex of renal pyramids receive?

A

Renal papillae

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23
Q

What comes before the ureter?

A

Renal pelvis

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24
Q

What comes before the renal pelvis?

A

Major calyces

25
Q

What comes before the major calyces?

A

Minor calyces

26
Q

What comes before the minor calyces?

A

Renal papillae

27
Q

Which renal artery is longer?

A

The right

28
Q

Which renal vein is longer?

A

The left

29
Q

From anterior to posterior what are the three structures in the hilum of the kidney?

A

The renal vein, renal artery and the renal pelvis

30
Q

Describe the structures urine passes through from the renal papillae to exiting the body…

A

Renal papillae to minor calyces, to majro calyces, to renal pelvis, to ureter, to urinary bladder, to urethra, to exit

31
Q

How many arteries supply the ureters?

A

3-4

32
Q

What are the arteries that could supply the ureters?

A

Renal a., testicular or ovarian a., abdominal aorta or common iliac a., internal iliac a.

33
Q

What are kidney stones also called?

A

Caliculi

34
Q

What is the ultrasonic crushing of kidney stones called?

A

Lithotripsy

35
Q

What is the shape of the right adrenal gland?

A

Roughly triangular

36
Q

What is the shape of the left adrenal gland?

A

Semilunar

37
Q

Where is the right adrenal gland found?

A

Superior to right kidney, posterior to IVC

38
Q

Where is the left adrenal gland found?

A

Superomedial to left kidney near hilum

39
Q

What does the adrenal cortex do?

A

Produce adrenal steroids

40
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do?

A

Act as sympathetic ganglion that are modified neuronal cells (Medullary or chromaffin cells)

41
Q

What three arteries supply the adrenal cortex?

A

Superior suprarenal aa., middle suprarenal aa., inferior suprarenal aa.

42
Q

What are the six muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Transversus abdominus m., quadratus lumborum m., psoas major m., ilacus m., psoas minor m., diaphragm

43
Q

How many lumbar arteries are there?

A

4 pairs

44
Q

What ventral rami do the nerves of the posterior wall come from?

A

T12-L4

45
Q

Generally where is the lumbar plexus nn. found?

A

Beneath fascia of posterior abdominal mm.

46
Q

Generally where is the subcostal n. found?

A

1 cm inferior to 12th rib

47
Q

The subcostal n. supplies sensory to what?

A

Sensory to ant./lat. abdominal wall

48
Q

The subcostal n. supplies motor to what?

A

abdominal mm.: EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL

49
Q

The iliohypogastric n. supplies what?

A

Skin of suprapubic (suprapelvic) region

50
Q

The ilioinguinal n. runs through what?

A

The inguinal canal (but does not go through the deep ring) to supply it

51
Q

The genitofemoral n. branches into what to nerves?

A

Femoral br. and genital br.

52
Q

The lateral femoral cutaneous n. supplies what?

A

Anterior lateral skin of the thigh

53
Q

The femoral n. passes between what two muscles?

A

iliacus and psoas major muscle

54
Q

What does the femoral n. supply?

A

Sensory and motor to anterior thigh

55
Q

The obturator n. runs medial to what muscle?

A

Psoas major mm.

56
Q

The obturator n., passes through what bony foramen?

A

The obturator foramen

57
Q

The obturator n. supplies what?

A

Sensory and motor to medial thigh

58
Q

What does the lumbosacral trunk help form in the pelvis?

A

The sacral plexus

Anatomy Test Two Material (16 decks)

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