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Anatomy Test Two Material > Development of the Reproductive System and Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Development of the Reproductive System and Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Functionally the urogenital system can be divided into what two entirely different systems?

A

The urinary and the genital system

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2
Q

The urogenital system is derived from what embryonic tissue?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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3
Q

What is the urogenital ridge?

A

This is intermediate mesoderm that bulges into the intraembryonic coelmic cavity

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4
Q

The urogenital ridge differentiates into what two things?

A

Nephrogenic cord/ridge and genital ridge

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5
Q

Primordial germ cells originate from what?

A

Endoderm of the yolk sac

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6
Q

What happens if the primordial germ cells do not migrate to or reach the genital ridge?

A

The gonads do not develop

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7
Q

How are the primitive sex cords formed?

A

Epithelium proliferates and epithelial cells penetrate underlying mesenchyme

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8
Q

Primitive sex cords can also be called what?

A

Gonadal cords

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9
Q

During the indifferent gonad phase, both males and females have what two ductal systems?

A

Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts and paramesonephric (Mullarian) ducts

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10
Q

The Y chromosome has what gene that codes for what hormone?

A

SRY (sex determining region of the Y chromosome) gene that codes for TDF (testes determining factor) hormone

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11
Q

Under influence of TDF, primitive sex cords continue to proliferate and penetrate into the medulla and form what?

A

The testes (medullary cords)

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12
Q

Towards the hilum the testes cords will break up giving rise to what?

A

The tubules of the Rete Testis

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13
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

Fibrous connective tissue that separates the testes cords from surface epithelium

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14
Q

The testes cords are composed of what two things?

A

Primitive germ cells and sustentacular cells (sertoli cells)

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15
Q

What do the sustentacular (sertoli) cells secrete?

A

AMH, antimullerian hormone

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16
Q

What does AMH cause?

A

The degradation of paramesonephric (mullarian) duct

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17
Q

What are interstitial (Leydig) cells?

A

These are a cell population found between the testis cords

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18
Q

What are interstitial (Leydig) cells derived from?

A

Mesenchyme from the genital ridge

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19
Q

What do interstitial (Leydig) cells secrete?

A

Testosterone

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20
Q

The testes cords remain solid until puberty forming what?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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21
Q

The ductuli efferentes connects what two things?

A

Rete testis and mesonephric duct

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22
Q

The ductuli efferentes will become what?

A

Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

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23
Q

The genital ducts are stimulated to develop by what?

A

Testosterone

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24
Q

Genital ducts in males are derived from what?

A

Mesonephric kidney system

25
Q

The mesonephric duct opens into what?

A

Into urogenital sinus on either side of the sinus tubercle

26
Q

The genital ducts in males forms what four things?

A

Epididymes, Ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct

27
Q

Under AMH the paramesonephric duct degenerates except what part?

A

A small part of the cranial end called the appendix testes

28
Q

The testes start out intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

29
Q

What do the testes pass through as they descend into the scrotum?

A

Inguinal canal

30
Q

What is the gubernaculum?

A

This is a structure that anchors the testes to the scrotum and guides its decent

31
Q

As the testes pass through the inguinal ring it gets covered by what four things?

A

Processus vaginalis, transversalis fascia, internal abdominal oblique muscle, external abdominal oblique muscle

32
Q

What muscle does not contribute to a layer of the testes?

A

Transverse abdominus muscle

33
Q

In female development what gene is missing and therefore what hormone is not produced?

A

SRY gene is absent so no TDF is produced

34
Q

What gives rise to the cortical cords in developing females?

A

Surface epithelium continues to proliferate

35
Q

What are the follicular cells?

A

These are the cells that surround primary oocytes (oogonium)

36
Q

Why doe the mesonephric ducts degenerate and the paramesonephric ducts develop into main genital ducts in developing females?

A

A presence of estrogen and the absence of testosterone and AMH

37
Q

Paramesonephric ducts connect at the midline and the caudal tip of the combined ducts project into urogenital sinus which is up against what structure?

A

Sinus tubercle

38
Q

When the ovaries descend, the paramesonephric ducts form what 5 things?

A

Uterine tube, uterine canal, corpus uteri, cervix, upper portion of vagina

39
Q

What are the vaginal fornices?

A

Wing like expansions of vagina around the end of the uterus

40
Q

Cranial genital ligament forms what?

A

Suspensory ligament

41
Q

Caudal genital ligament forms what?

A

Ligament of the ovary and round ligament of the uterus

42
Q

What is the layer of tissue that will not be present in developing female genitalia?

A

Tunica albuginea

43
Q

What are the cloacal folds?

A

During week three mesenchyme from primitive streak migrate around cloacal membrane to form the cloacal folds

44
Q

What is the genital tubercle?

A

Folds fuse cranial to cloacal membrane to form the genital tubercle

45
Q

Caudal folds in the developing genitalia form what two things?

A

Urethral and anal folds

46
Q

The genital swellings form what in males and females?

A

Males: scrotal swellings
Females: labia majora

47
Q

What is the urethral plate?

A

This is the epithelial lining of the urethral groove

48
Q

What is the penile urethra?

A

The two urethral folds close over the urethral plate and form the penile urethra

49
Q

What is the scrotal septum?

A

Line of fusion of scrotal swellings

50
Q

In females the genital tubercle elongates slightly to form what?

A

Clitoris

51
Q

In females the urethral folds do not fuse and thus form what?

A

Labia minora

52
Q

In females the urogenital groove is open and thus forms what?

A

The vestibule

53
Q

The pituitary glad is derived from what two structures?

A

Ectodermal outpocketing of stomodeum (Rathke’s pouch) and downward extension of diencephalon (infundibulum)

54
Q

Adenohypophsis comes from what?

A

Cells in anterior wall of Rathke’s pouch

55
Q

Pars intermedia is formed from what?

A

Posterior wall of Rathke’s pouch

56
Q

The pars nervosa and stalk of the pituitary gland are derived from what?

A

Infundibulum

57
Q

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also called what?

A

Adenohypophysis

58
Q

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also called what?

A

Pars nervosa

Anatomy Test Two Material (16 decks)

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