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Anatomy Test Two Material > Digestive System Part 2 > Flashcards

Digestive System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How much surface area does the small intestine have available for absorption?

A

200 m^2

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2
Q

What cytoskeletal element is in the core of microvilli?

A

Actin

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3
Q

Small intestine mucosa is what kind of epithelium?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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4
Q

What are enterocytes?

A

These are the absorptive cells of the small intestine and this term is only used in the small intestine

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5
Q

Small intestine simple columnar epithelium has what apical specialization?

A

Microvilli or striated border

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6
Q

The submucosa of the duodenum has what glands that produce alkaline mucosa?

A

Brunner’s glands

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7
Q

What are the intestinal glands also called?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

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8
Q

Villi in the duodenum have what kind of appearance in cross section?

A

Leaf like, they are wide in respect to the other parts of the intestine

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9
Q

What do paneth cells secrete and what does that do?

A

Lysozymes, this has a defense function against bacteria

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10
Q

What layer of the small intestine specifically does not enter the villi?

A

The muscularis mucosae

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11
Q

What and where are Peyer’s patches?

A

Aggregated lymphatic follicles in the ilium, which are groups of lymphatic nodules that are present in lamina propria and submucosa

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12
Q

What specific cells overly Peyer’s patches?

A

M (microfold) cells, which are specialized epithelial cells

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13
Q

What are two things that the small intestine have that the large intestine does not have?

A

Plica circualis, and villi

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14
Q

What is the teniae coli?

A

Outer muscularis layer of the large intestine that runs in a line

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15
Q

What are haustra?

A

Out pouchings on the large intestine created by teniae coli

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16
Q

What is the epithelium of the large intestine?

A

Simple columnar epithelium, with crypts of Lieberkuhn (there are lots of goblet cells)

17
Q

Are paneth cells present in the large intestine?

A

No, these would be counter productive as they would kill bacteria and in the large intestine we have natural flora that must be there.

18
Q

Describe the muscularis externa.

A

There are two layers and the outer layer is longitudinal

19
Q

What is referred to as the tonsil of the abdomen?

A

The appendix

20
Q

What are the three zones of the anal canal?

A

1) Colorectal zone
2) Anal transitional zone
3) Squamous zone

21
Q

Describe the colorectal zone of the anal canal.

A

This is the superior 1/3, and is simple columnar epithelium

22
Q

Describe the anal transitional zone of the anal canal.

A

This is the middle 1/3, mix of simple columnar epithelium, stratified columnar (or cuboidal) epithelium, and stratified squamous epithelium

23
Q

Describe the squamous zone of the anal canal.

A

Distal 1/3, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, at the distal end is another mucocutaneous junction

24
Q

What typical small intestine layer ends in the anal transition zone of the anal canal?

A

The muscularis mucosae

25
Q

The pancreas has what two major functions?

A

Works with the digestive system and the endocrine system

26
Q

What are the exocrine glands of the pancreas?

A

Compound acinar glands

27
Q

What are the endocrine glands of the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans

28
Q

What percent of the pancreas works as endocrine and exocrine?

A

Endocrine 1-2%

Exocrine 98-99%

29
Q

The liver receives blood from what two sources?

A

Hepatic artery (oxygenated blood) and the portal vein (deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood)

30
Q

What percent of the blood that comes to the liver is from the portal vein?

A

75%

31
Q

What are the structural and functional units of the liver?

A

Hepatic lobules

32
Q

Describe the structure of the functional unit of the liver.

A

Hepatic lobules are six sided structures consisting of hepatocytes, in plates surrounding a central vein

33
Q

What is the space of Disse?

A

The space between the endothelial cells and hepatocytes

34
Q

What are the largest cells lining the sinusoids of hepatic lobules

A

Kupffer cells

35
Q

What are Kupffer cells?

A

(Stellate Macrophage) phagocytic cells that are invilved in the breakdown of old RBC, that reach the liver from the spleen and are derived from monocytes

36
Q

Hepatic stellate cells are also known as what?

A

Ito cells

37
Q

What do Ito cells store and where are they found?

A

Found in perisinusoidal space, and store hepatic vitamin A

38
Q

Hepatocytes have what that extend into the perisonusoidal space?

A

Microvilli

39
Q

How much bile does the gallbladder contain?

A

30 to 50 ml

Anatomy Test Two Material (16 decks)

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