The Peritoneum Flashcards
What is meant by ‘retroperitoneal’?
some organs lie behind the peritoneum and are less prone to trauma and less variable
What is meant by ‘intraperitoneal’?
organs which remain surrounded by the peritoneal cavity which can move and therefore this aids variable gut distension but leaves the organs prone to trauma
What is a volvulus?
a loop of bowel twisted about a focal point along the mesentery which may result in a bowel obstruction and lead to mesenteric ischaemia
Name the retroperitoneal organs
oesophagus, rectum, anus, kidneys, adrenals, ureter, pancreas, duodenum, ascending/descending colon
Name the intraperitoneal organs
spleen, stomach, liver, gallbladder, jejunum and ileum, caecum and appendix and sigmoid colon
What is the parietal peritoneum?
the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity and covers some of the organs on the posterior abdominal wall; it is continuous with the visceral peritoneum
What is the visceral peritoneum?
a lining that covers the organs of the gut/abdomen
Which organs are in the foregut?
stomach, first part of duodenum, liver, pancreas and spleen
What is the blood supply to the foregut?
coeliac trunk
What is the blood supply to the midgut?
superior mesenteric artery
Which organs are in the midgut?
tail-end of duodenum, caecum, appendix and large intestine up to splenic flexure (transverse colon)
Which organs are in the hindgut?
splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper anal canal
What is the blood supply to the hindgut?
inferior mesenteric artery
Describe the development of the foregut
Dorsal and ventral mesogastrium hold gut tube in place in first stages of embryology, gut tube proliferates and organs such as stomach, liver and pancreas develop and the growth of these in a confined space causes the mesogastrium to bend with the liver going to the left hand side and the stomach and pancreas going to the right, with the pancreas against the posterior wall
Describe the development of the midgut
forms a U-shaped intestinal loop which herniates into umbilical cord at approximately week 6, the midgut then rotates 90 degrees and then at week 10 when it comes back from the umbilical cord it rotates a further 180 degrees (total of 270 degree anticlockwise rotation) and the cranial limb goes on to form the small intestine whereas the caudal limb goes on to form the ascending limb of the large intestine
What is mean by omphalocele?
congenital abnormality whereby the abdominal viscera herniate into the base of the umbilicus
Where is the falciform ligament found and what is its purpose?
comes from the anterior abdominal wall to the liver and contains the ligament teres (remains of umbilical cord)
Where is the lesser omentum found and what does it contain?
this comes from the inferior liver to the less curvature of the stomach, and structures in the free border of the lesser omentum include epiploic foramen, hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein and bile duct
Where is the greater omentum found and what does it contain?
goes from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse
Where is the transverse mesocolon located?
goes from the transverse colon to the posterior body wall
Where is the mesentery found and what is its purpose?
this goes from the small intestine to the posterior body wall and anchors the small intestine whilst providing a pathway for blood supply (superior mesenteric)
