Mouth to Oesophagus Flashcards
What is the facial nerve?
Cranial nerve VII which is a motor nerve to the muscles of facial expression
Where is the facial nerve found?
it exits the cranium through the internal acoustic meatus and through the temporal bone and the motor root exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen through the parotid duct where it branches
What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal Zygotamic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical
Name two muscles of facial expression
buccinators around the mouth and orbicularis oris (around eye)
What is the trigeminal nerve?
It is cranial nerve V and is the sensory nerve of the face
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
opthalmic nerve is V1, maxillary nerve V2, mandibular nerve V3
Name the muscles of mastication
Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
Where is the temporalis muscle?
it’s attached around the temple and attaches to the coracoid process of the mandible
Which muscles of mastication elevates the jaw and closes the mouth?
temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid
Which muscle of mastication depresses the jaw and opens the mouth?
lateral pterygoid
Where is the masseter muscle?
emerges from the zygomatic arch and reaches the ramus and outer angle
Where is the medial pterygoid muscle?
from pterygoid plates to inner angle of the mandible
Where is the lateral pterygoid muscle?
from the pterygoid plate to the head of the mandible
Which nerve are the muscles of the tongue supplied by?
the hypoglossal nerve which is the motor nerve to the tongue
Describe the sensory innervation to the tongue
Lingual nerve (a branch of the mandibular nerve which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve, CNV) which carries sensory innervation to body of the tongue, and the chorda tympani hitches a lift on this nerve and forms a mixed nerve which has special sensory nerves to recognise taste.
Which nerve is sensory to the back of the tongue and the pharynx?
glossopharyngeal, CNIX
Which nerve are the parotid glands supplied by?
glossopharyngeal nerve, CNIX
Which nerve are the submandibular and sublingual glands supplied by?
Facial nerve CNVII
Where are adenoids found in the mouth?
just behind the uvula at the back anterior of the mouth
What is the function of adenoids and tonsils?
defend body from infection as they trap bacteria and viruses which you breathe in through your nose and contain cells and antibodies of the immune system to prevent infection
What are the muscles of the pharynx innervated by?
vagus nerve, CNX
What is the sensory and motor innervation for the gag reflex?
sensory limb is the glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX
motor limb is the vagus nerve CNX
What is meant by the ‘gag reflex’?
brisk and brief elevation of soft palate and bilateral contraction of pharyngeal muscles evoked by touching posterior pharyngeal wall
Outline the course of the external carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Maxillary artery Superficial temporal artery
What is the oesophageal mucosa and submucosa innervated by?
submucosal plexus
What is the oesophageal circular muscle innervated by?
myenteric plexus
What is the oesophageal longitudinal muscle innervated by?
vagus nerve
