Mouth to Oesophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the facial nerve?

A

Cranial nerve VII which is a motor nerve to the muscles of facial expression

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2
Q

Where is the facial nerve found?

A

it exits the cranium through the internal acoustic meatus and through the temporal bone and the motor root exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen through the parotid duct where it branches

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3
Q

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

A
Temporal
Zygotamic
Buccal 
Marginal mandibular 
Cervical
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4
Q

Name two muscles of facial expression

A

buccinators around the mouth and orbicularis oris (around eye)

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5
Q

What is the trigeminal nerve?

A

It is cranial nerve V and is the sensory nerve of the face

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6
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

opthalmic nerve is V1, maxillary nerve V2, mandibular nerve V3

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7
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

Where is the temporalis muscle?

A

it’s attached around the temple and attaches to the coracoid process of the mandible

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9
Q

Which muscles of mastication elevates the jaw and closes the mouth?

A

temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid

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10
Q

Which muscle of mastication depresses the jaw and opens the mouth?

A

lateral pterygoid

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11
Q

Where is the masseter muscle?

A

emerges from the zygomatic arch and reaches the ramus and outer angle

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12
Q

Where is the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

from pterygoid plates to inner angle of the mandible

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13
Q

Where is the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

from the pterygoid plate to the head of the mandible

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14
Q

Which nerve are the muscles of the tongue supplied by?

A

the hypoglossal nerve which is the motor nerve to the tongue

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15
Q

Describe the sensory innervation to the tongue

A

Lingual nerve (a branch of the mandibular nerve which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve, CNV) which carries sensory innervation to body of the tongue, and the chorda tympani hitches a lift on this nerve and forms a mixed nerve which has special sensory nerves to recognise taste.

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16
Q

Which nerve is sensory to the back of the tongue and the pharynx?

A

glossopharyngeal, CNIX

17
Q

Which nerve are the parotid glands supplied by?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve, CNIX

18
Q

Which nerve are the submandibular and sublingual glands supplied by?

A

Facial nerve CNVII

19
Q

Where are adenoids found in the mouth?

A

just behind the uvula at the back anterior of the mouth

20
Q

What is the function of adenoids and tonsils?

A

defend body from infection as they trap bacteria and viruses which you breathe in through your nose and contain cells and antibodies of the immune system to prevent infection

21
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx innervated by?

A

vagus nerve, CNX

22
Q

What is the sensory and motor innervation for the gag reflex?

A

sensory limb is the glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX

motor limb is the vagus nerve CNX

23
Q

What is meant by the ‘gag reflex’?

A

brisk and brief elevation of soft palate and bilateral contraction of pharyngeal muscles evoked by touching posterior pharyngeal wall

24
Q

Outline the course of the external carotid artery

A
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
25
Q

What is the oesophageal mucosa and submucosa innervated by?

A

submucosal plexus

26
Q

What is the oesophageal circular muscle innervated by?

A

myenteric plexus

27
Q

What is the oesophageal longitudinal muscle innervated by?

A

vagus nerve