The peripheral nerves system

Question 1

What is the main role of the PNS

Answer 1

It co-ordinates the transmission and receiving of impulses, to and from the central nervous system

Question 2

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 2

31

Question 3

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 3

12

Question 4

What do neurones do?

Answer 4

Initiate, relay and re-direct electrical impulses by converting chemical energy into electrical energy; they control muscle activity, regulate glands, and support and protect the nervous system

Question 5

DRAW A NEURON AND LABEL

Question 6

What is acetylcholine?…

Question 7

Adrenaline & Noradrenaline…

Question 8

What is serotonin?

Answer 8

It is a key hormone that stabilizes our mood, feelings of wellbeing, and happiness, also helps with sleeping, eating, and digestion

Question 9

What is dopamine?

Answer 9

Dopamine plays a role in how we feel pleasure, it’s a big part of our unique human ability to think and plan

Question 10

What is histamine?

Answer 10

produces many varied effects within the body, including the contraction of smooth muscle tissues of the lungs, uterus, and stomach; the dilation of blood vessels, which increases permeability and lowers blood pressure; the stimulation of gastric acid secretion in the stomach

Question 11

How do impulses travel and at what speed?

Answer 11

They travel via the sodium / potassium pump at a speed of 130m per second

Question 12

How would alkalosis alter synaptic conduction?

Answer 12

A pH of 7.8+ can cause cerebral convulsions…

Question 13

How would acidosis alter synaptic conduction?

Answer 13

A pH of 6.5- will depress neural activity causing coma

Question 14

Sensory nerve fibres are…

Answer 14

Afferent…

Question 15

Motor nerve fibres are…

Answer 15

Efferent…

Question 16

Efferent nerves are divided into…

Answer 16

Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary)

Question 17

Where do efferent nerves originate?

Answer 17

CNS - brain, spinal cord and autonomic ganglia

Question 18

What do afferent neurons do?

Answer 18

They are nerve cells which convey information from in the periphery e.g. skin / sense organs to the CNS or connector neurons of the REFLEX ARC…

Question 19

Out of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, how many are:
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal

Answer 19

• Cervical - 8
• Thoracic - 12
• Lumbar - 5
• Sacral - 5
• Coccygeal - 1

Question 20

What constitutes to a reflex?

Answer 20

Motor response to sensory impulse without intervention from conscious thought

Question 21

What five things are required for reflex action?

Answer 21

1. A receptor
2. A sensory neurone
3. An associated neurone?
4. A motor neurone
5. An effector

Question 22

Define a spinal reflex

Answer 22

Sensory impulse for quick action

Question 23

Define a cortical reflex

Answer 23

Overrides spinal reflex under conscious control

Question 24

Define a co-ordinating reflex

Answer 24

Modifies movement and co-ordinates

Question 25

Define an autonomic reflex

Answer 25

Immediate reaction to situations, over rules conscious decisions

Question 26

What are the main effects of autonomic control?

Answer 26

Stimulation or depression of glandular secretions and contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle tissues

Question 27

The autonomic nervous system is split into…

Answer 27

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (sleep, rest and digestion)

Question 28

Which hormones are associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 28

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 29

Which hormone is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 29

Acetylcholine

Question 30

Define nociception

Answer 30

Perception or sensation of pain

Question 31

NOCICEPTION MAKE MIND MAP