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Life Sciences > The brain and cranial nerves > Flashcards

The brain and cranial nerves Flashcards

Week 4

1
Q

What does the brain stem consist of?

A

The continuation of the spinal cord and consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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2
Q

What is the diencephalon? - relate to the thalamus & hypothalamus…

A
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3
Q

What is the basil ganglia?

A
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4
Q

What occurs in the cerebral cortex?

A

Perception, thought, imagination, judgment, and decision making

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5
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A
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6
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A
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7
Q

What is the role of the brain stem?

A
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8
Q

What executive functions are associated with greater frontal lobes?

A

Self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought

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9
Q

How much does the cerebrum weigh on average?

A

1300g

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10
Q

How many neurons are there in the cerebrum on average?

A

Around 100 billion

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11
Q

What is the dura matter?

A
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12
Q

Describe the structure of cerebral grey matter

A

The folds are called gyri, the deepest of which are known as fissures; the shallower grooves between folds are termed sulci, the grey matter is only 5-6mm thick but accounts for 80% of the weight of the cerebrum

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13
Q

What splits the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?

A

The longitudinal fissure

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14
Q

What divides the anterior frontal lobe from the more posteriorly situated parietal lobe?

A

The central sulcus

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15
Q

How long could it take for signs and symptoms of inter cranial pressure (ICP) to set in?

A

Up to 12 hours

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16
Q

?Limbic?

A
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17
Q

Name and point to the four lopes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal - forehead
Parietal - top of head
Temporal - sides round ears
Occipital - right at bottom / back of head

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18
Q

What kind of behaviour could be induced by damage to the frontal lobe?

A

Combativeness, abusive attitude and inappropriate sexual activity

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19
Q

What are Brodmann’s areas in the cerebrum?

A

They are numbered regions of cortex that have been “mapped” to specific cognitive functions

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20
Q

What do motor areas of cerebral cortex control?

A

Voluntary movements

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21
Q

Wernicke’s area?

A
22
Q

Broca’s speech area?

A
23
Q

Somatosensory definition?

A
24
Q

Examples of somatic sensations:

A

Touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature (coldness and warmth), pain, and proprioception (joint and muscle position / balance)

25
Q

In which lobe do most strokes occur and why?

A

The parietal lobe - it is supplied by large arteries

26
Q

Where int he cerebrum is the primary motor area located?

A

The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

27
Q

Where is the primary visual area in the cerebrum located?

A

The posterior tip of the occipital lobe mainly on the medial surface

28
Q

Where is the primary gustatory (taste) area located?

A

Just inferior to the primary somatosensory area

29
Q

Where is the primary auditory area located?

A

In the the superior part of the temporal lobe

30
Q

Where is the primary olfactory area located?

A

In the inferior medial temporal lobe

31
Q

What does the cerebral white matter primarily consist of?

A

Myelinated axons

32
Q

What are the three types of myelinated axon tracts called?

A
  • Association tracts
  • Commissural tracts
  • Projection tracts
33
Q

Describe the role of association tracts

A

They contain axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere

34
Q

Describe the role of commissural tracts

A

They conduct nerve impulses between corresponding gyri from one hemisphere to another

35
Q

Describe the role of projection tracts

A

They convey impulses to lower parts of the CNS (thalamus, brain stem, or spinal cord) or visa versa

36
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

It is one of the three important groups of commissural tracts – it is a thick band of axons that connects corresponding areas of the two hemispheres

37
Q

What are the three basal nuclei, and what do they do?

A

… they are conspicuous centres of cell bodies deep in the cortex, they also help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements, regulate muscle tone and control subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles

38
Q

What are the three integrated brain systems?

A
  • Reptilian brain
  • Mammalian brain
  • Cerebral cortex
39
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

It is located in the brainstem and is responsible for regulating…

40
Q

What is the pons varolii?

A

Its is directly superior to the medulla and anterior to the cerebellum, it acts as a bridge connecting the spinal cord to the brain

41
Q

Cerebellum?

A
42
Q

Mid brain?

A
43
Q

What is the role of the reticular formation?

A

The RAS functions to maintain consciousness, a state of wakefulness in which an individual is fully alert, aware, and orientated

44
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

It is the “little brain”, located inferior to the cerebrum and posterior to the brain stem; it compares intended movements with what is happening with skeletal muscles, and regulates posture, equilibrium, and balance

45
Q

Cranial meninges - three…

A

Protect the brain, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater…

46
Q

How much of the bodies blood supply goes to the brain?

A

Around 20%

47
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the brain?

A

Anteriorly, it’s the internal carotid arteries; posteriorly, it’s the vertebral arteries

48
Q

What is the role of the internal jugular veins?

A

Venous return of blood from the brain

49
Q

Blood brain barrier…

A

RESEARCH

50
Q

What is the role of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?…

A
51
Q

Production and flow of CSF

A
52
Q

12 CRANIAL NERVES

A

MAKE MIND MAP
- Name them and how to check for damage

Life Sciences (12 decks)

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