The Peloponnesian War and the Crisis of the Polis

Question 1

the Peloponnesian war was between who

Answer 1

sparta and athens

Question 2

who ended up surrendering, who won

Answer 2

athens surrendered, sparta won

Question 3

how long did the war last

Answer 3

27 years

Question 4

dispute the knowledge of the horrid things they were on their way to do the athenians and the spartans still ______ to go to war

Answer 4

voted

Question 5

this war enhanced the ____ features of Greek society

Answer 5

worst

Question 6

both sides thought the _____ and ______ was worth the consequences of the war

Answer 6

honor and security

Question 7

the archidamian war lasted ___ years

Answer 7

10 yrs

Question 8

what is the archidamia war named after

Answer 8

Named after the Spartan king and commander Archidamus

Question 9

who was the most important source for the archidamian war

Answer 9

thucydides

Question 10

the greeks didnt see the archedamian war as……?

Answer 10

as a apart of the the peloponnesian war

Greeks called the first part of the peloponnesian war the archidamian war and didn’t really see the entire peloponnesian war as one

Question 11

______ had far more resources to endure a war

Answer 11

athens

Question 12

athens was fighting a _____ war

Answer 12

defensive

Question 13

athens had _____ power

whilst sparta had ______ power

Answer 13

Athens had naval power, whilst sparta had land power

Question 14

Pericles devised what strategy to win the war

Answer 14

defensive strategy:

They declined to participate in hoplite battle with the Spartans, and instead harassed peloponnesian territory with their navy

Farmers abandoned their land, and took only what they could carry in their wagons, and huddled with the city dwellers inside the long walls that linked Athens to Piraus

These walls made athens in essence an island as food and goods continues to be imported by ship

Spartans invaded the land of athens, whilst the athenians were hidden inside the tall walls

Question 15

what did pericles think sparta would do in response to their defensive tactics

Answer 15

Pericles thought that the enemy would tire when nobody came to fight

Question 16

what did the spartans think the athenians would eventually do after being in the walls for a while

Answer 16

the spartans thought the athenians would grow tired of being cooped up and of their land being ravaged

Question 17

the spartans foresaw two possible consequences of the athenians being cooped up

Answer 17

Athenians would seek peace or
they would give up after a couple years

Question 18

what happened to athens in the second year of the war

Answer 18

plague hit

1/2 pop died

Victims have oral bleeding, bad breath, painful vomiting, burning skin. insomnia, memory loss, and often fatal diarrhoea

Question 19

explain the spread of “nihilistic lawlessness” that started to characterise life in the city after/during the plague

Answer 19

No one held back out of fear of gods or of the law because they saw that all worshipers alike were dying and ppl didint live long enough to endure court penalty

Question 20

The combination of not being able to march out and the plague made Atheninans try to what?

Answer 20

The combination of not being able to march out and the plague made Atheninans try to opne up negotiations with the Spartans

Question 21

what did the athens and pericles do at the end of the Archimedean war

Answer 21

Ignored Pericles - voted to dispose of him from the strategia

He did end up being booted

But they found no one better so they returned to him

Question 22

after the archidamian war how did athens government change?

Answer 22

rich men still had the advantage in politics but many had died in the plague, allowing men who earned their money to participate in govvy as well as those who inherited it

new vocabulary - Demagogos/Demagogia emanign “leader of the people”

Question 23

who was demagogos

Answer 23

Demagogos was a politician who manipulated the voters for his own end rather than letting himself be guided by patriotism and principle

Question 24

who was the most prominent demagogue

Answer 24

cleon

Question 25

several cities on the island of Lesbos had revolted from the Athenian empire under leadership of the demagogue Mytilene, why did they surrender in the end?

Answer 25

They were promised spartan aid if they revolted - it didn't come The mytileneans thus surrendered

Question 26

what did the athenians plan to do to the mytileneans

Answer 26

The Athenians planned to killl all the men and sell the women and children into slavery

Question 27

what was Cleon's stance on the punishment of the mytileneans

Answer 27

Urged severe punishment to the mytilenean

Question 28

what was Diodotus' stance on the punishment of the mytileneans

Answer 28

spoke against the killing as it would deter surrender

Question 29

what was Diodotus' stance on the punishment of the mytileneans

Answer 29

spoke against the killing as it would deter surrende

Question 30

what did athens do to the mytileneans

Answer 30

only executed the ringleaders

Question 31

what did the spartans do to force athens out of their big ass walls?

Answer 31

Spartans decide to bypass athens and march north to Pylos, to attack the athenian allies so that athens had to help

Question 32

where does athens go in response to the spartans attacking pylos? how does sparta react

Answer 32

Athens goes southwest to a spartan ally (where the helots revolt) spartans race back

Question 33

what happened that made sparta agree to a peace treaty

Answer 33

spartan solider get held captive Sparta agrees to peace treaty to get their soldiers back Agree to give up the land they conquered in the north

Question 34

during the archidamian war, how often did Sparta attack Attica?

Answer 34

once/year

Question 35

how did pericles die

Answer 35

he died in the archidamian war from the plague

Question 36

how long was the peace of nicias made to last

Answer 36

50 years

Question 37

the peace of nicias was essentially a victory for _______

Answer 37

athens

Question 38

athenians ________ weakened the peloponnesian league

Answer 38

weakened

Question 39

why was the peace of nicias not necessairly real peace

Answer 39

many did not agree/follow it troubled interlude before resumption of hostility

Question 40

what type of drama provides evidence for athenian attitudes towards war

Answer 40

comic drama

Question 41

did the peace last long

Answer 41

naw fam

Question 42

who was Alcibiades, the renegade aristocrat

Answer 42

Reckless, heavy drinker, politician raised by Pericles Persuaded athens to try to lure away various polies in the peloponnese to try to get them to join athens Embarked upon an grand scheme to invade sicily

Question 43

who did melos belong to

Answer 43

trick question hoe Neutral island (not apart of sparta or athens) Athens says they must join them or they will kill them all

Question 44

how did athens do on the invasion of sicily

Answer 44

They fail their expedition and lose everyone in their fleet

Question 45

why did aldibiades switch sides to the spartans

Answer 45

he got caught fucking the queen in athens

Question 46

sparta declares war on athens again, with Alcibiades advising what does he suggest that sparta do

Answer 46

Suggests that instead of sparta coming in the summer and leaving in the winter, they build forts outside of the walls Get gold from the persians to build a naval fleet bribe neighbors and create propaganda against athens

Question 47

why did athens have to temporarily get rid of democracy for about a decade

Answer 47

civil strife in athens they convert back to an oligarchy

Question 48

where does Alcibiades go after advising sparta

Answer 48

back to athens

Question 49

where does Alcibiades go after going to athens for the second time

Answer 49

he goes to persia

Question 50

what did athens offer slaves to join the navy

Answer 50

their freedom

Question 51

in the last years of the war, a friendships forms between Cyrus, Persian king's son, and Lysander chief of _______ navy

Answer 51

spartan

Question 52

in the final battle, ______ offered peace to _____ they declined

Answer 52

sparta offers peace to athens, they decline

Question 53

in the last years of the war, the spartans finally have what due to the persians help

Answer 53

an adequate naval fleet

Question 54

who finally wins and what odd event sparks it

Answer 54

sparta finally wins all the athenian ships are dragged up onto the beach There are theories that the athenian naval commanders were in on it They no longer have a fleet They finally agree to surrender

Question 55

what were Sparta's terms of surrender

Answer 55

Athens must get rid of the delian league Tear down the big walls their navy reduced to 12 ships

Question 56

name some economic consequences of the Peloponnesian war

Answer 56

Disruption of Farming and Commerce Poverty high High death toll Whole cities destroyed agriculture suffered Enmity and mistrust (social consequences, Lack of faith in the idea of greekness, and revolts)

Question 57

after the Peloponnesian war what changed for people of mixed decent (part spartan)

Answer 57

People of mixed decent (part spartan) were now aloud to become fully spartan due to low population

Question 58

what was Socrates charged with

Answer 58

not believing in the gods of the same state teaching the gods corrupting the youth

Question 59

socrates spoke sharply about _______

Answer 59

democracy

Question 60

explain the oligarchy that occurred in Athens after the war

Answer 60

board of 30 tyrants in athens sympathetic to sparta and willing to sacrifice democracy killed anyone they saw as a threat many fled bc of them

Question 61

any lawsuits relating to the rules of the rule of the 30 was declared amnesty. what does this mean

Answer 61

too many of yall complaining so forget it, move tf on