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Classics 1000 > The Peloponnesian War and the Crisis of the Polis > Flashcards

The Peloponnesian War and the Crisis of the Polis Flashcards

1
Q

the Peloponnesian war was between who

A

sparta and athens

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2
Q

who ended up surrendering, who won

A

athens surrendered, sparta won

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3
Q

how long did the war last

A

27 years

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4
Q

dispute the knowledge of the horrid things they were on their way to do the athenians and the spartans still ______ to go to war

A

voted

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5
Q

this war enhanced the ____ features of Greek society

A

worst

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6
Q

both sides thought the _____ and ______ was worth the consequences of the war

A

honor and security

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7
Q

the archidamian war lasted ___ years

A

10 yrs

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8
Q

what is the archidamia war named after

A

Named after the Spartan king and commander Archidamus

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9
Q

who was the most important source for the archidamian war

A

thucydides

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10
Q

the greeks didnt see the archedamian war as……?

A

as a apart of the the peloponnesian war

Greeks called the first part of the peloponnesian war the archidamian war and didn’t really see the entire peloponnesian war as one

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11
Q

______ had far more resources to endure a war

A

athens

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12
Q

athens was fighting a _____ war

A

defensive

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13
Q

athens had _____ power

whilst sparta had ______ power

A

Athens had naval power, whilst sparta had land power

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14
Q

Pericles devised what strategy to win the war

A

defensive strategy:

They declined to participate in hoplite battle with the Spartans, and instead harassed peloponnesian territory with their navy

Farmers abandoned their land, and took only what they could carry in their wagons, and huddled with the city dwellers inside the long walls that linked Athens to Piraus

These walls made athens in essence an island as food and goods continues to be imported by ship

Spartans invaded the land of athens, whilst the athenians were hidden inside the tall walls

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15
Q

what did pericles think sparta would do in response to their defensive tactics

A

Pericles thought that the enemy would tire when nobody came to fight

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16
Q

what did the spartans think the athenians would eventually do after being in the walls for a while

A

the spartans thought the athenians would grow tired of being cooped up and of their land being ravaged

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17
Q

the spartans foresaw two possible consequences of the athenians being cooped up

A

Athenians would seek peace or
they would give up after a couple years

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18
Q

what happened to athens in the second year of the war

A

plague hit

1/2 pop died

Victims have oral bleeding, bad breath, painful vomiting, burning skin. insomnia, memory loss, and often fatal diarrhoea

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19
Q

explain the spread of “nihilistic lawlessness” that started to characterise life in the city after/during the plague

A

No one held back out of fear of gods or of the law because they saw that all worshipers alike were dying and ppl didint live long enough to endure court penalty

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20
Q

The combination of not being able to march out and the plague made Atheninans try to what?

A

The combination of not being able to march out and the plague made Atheninans try to opne up negotiations with the Spartans

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21
Q

what did the athens and pericles do at the end of the Archimedean war

A

Ignored Pericles - voted to dispose of him from the strategia

He did end up being booted

But they found no one better so they returned to him

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22
Q

after the archidamian war how did athens government change?

A

rich men still had the advantage in politics but many had died in the plague, allowing men who earned their money to participate in govvy as well as those who inherited it

new vocabulary - Demagogos/Demagogia emanign “leader of the people”

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23
Q

who was demagogos

A

Demagogos was a politician who manipulated the voters for his own end rather than letting himself be guided by patriotism and principle

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24
Q

who was the most prominent demagogue

A

cleon

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25
Q

several cities on the island of Lesbos had revolted from the Athenian empire under leadership of the demagogue Mytilene, why did they surrender in the end?

A

They were promised spartan aid if they revolted - it didn’t come
The mytileneans thus surrendered

26
Q

what did the athenians plan to do to the mytileneans

A

The Athenians planned to killl all the men and sell the women and children into slavery

27
Q

what was Cleon’s stance on the punishment of the mytileneans

A

Urged severe punishment to the mytilenean

28
Q

what was Diodotus’ stance on the punishment of the mytileneans

A

spoke against the killing as it would deter surrender

29
Q

what was Diodotus’ stance on the punishment of the mytileneans

A

spoke against the killing as it would deter surrende

30
Q

what did athens do to the mytileneans

A

only executed the ringleaders

31
Q

what did the spartans do to force athens out of their big ass walls?

A

Spartans decide to bypass athens and march north to Pylos, to attack the athenian allies so that athens had to help

32
Q

where does athens go in response to the spartans attacking pylos?

how does sparta react

A

Athens goes southwest to a spartan ally
(where the helots revolt)

spartans race back

33
Q

what happened that made sparta agree to a peace treaty

A

spartan solider get held captive

Sparta agrees to peace treaty to get their soldiers back

Agree to give up the land they conquered in the north

34
Q

during the archidamian war, how often did Sparta attack Attica?

A

once/year

35
Q

how did pericles die

A

he died in the archidamian war from the plague

36
Q

how long was the peace of nicias made to last

A

50 years

37
Q

the peace of nicias was essentially a victory for _______

A

athens

38
Q

athenians ________ weakened the peloponnesian league

A

weakened

39
Q

why was the peace of nicias not necessairly real peace

A

many did not agree/follow it

troubled interlude before resumption of hostility

40
Q

what type of drama provides evidence for athenian attitudes towards war

A

comic drama

41
Q

did the peace last long

A

naw fam

42
Q

who was Alcibiades, the renegade aristocrat

A

Reckless, heavy drinker, politician

raised by Pericles

Persuaded athens to try to lure away various polies in the peloponnese to try to get them to join athens

Embarked upon an grand scheme to invade sicily

43
Q

who did melos belong to

A

trick question hoe

Neutral island (not apart of sparta or athens)

Athens says they must join them or they will kill them all

44
Q

how did athens do on the invasion of sicily

A

They fail their expedition and lose everyone in their fleet

45
Q

why did aldibiades switch sides to the spartans

A

he got caught fucking the queen in athens

46
Q

sparta declares war on athens again, with Alcibiades advising
what does he suggest that sparta do

A

Suggests that instead of sparta coming in the summer and leaving in the winter, they build forts outside of the walls

Get gold from the persians to build a naval fleet

bribe neighbors and create propaganda against athens

47
Q

why did athens have to temporarily get rid of democracy for about a decade

A

civil strife in athens

they convert back to an oligarchy

48
Q

where does Alcibiades go after advising sparta

A

back to athens

49
Q

where does Alcibiades go after going to athens for the second time

A

he goes to persia

50
Q

what did athens offer slaves to join the navy

A

their freedom

51
Q

in the last years of the war, a friendships forms between Cyrus, Persian king’s son, and Lysander chief of _______ navy

A

spartan

52
Q

in the final battle, ______ offered peace to _____

they declined

A

sparta offers peace to athens, they decline

53
Q

in the last years of the war, the spartans finally have what due to the persians help

A

an adequate naval fleet

54
Q

who finally wins and what odd event sparks it

A

sparta finally wins

all the athenian ships are dragged up onto the beach

There are theories that the athenian naval commanders were in on it

They no longer have a fleet

They finally agree to surrender

55
Q

what were Sparta’s terms of surrender

A

Athens must get rid of the delian league

Tear down the big walls

their navy reduced to 12 ships

56
Q

name some economic consequences of the Peloponnesian war

A

Disruption of Farming and Commerce
Poverty high
High death toll
Whole cities destroyed
agriculture suffered
Enmity and mistrust (social consequences, Lack of faith in the idea of greekness, and revolts)

57
Q

after the Peloponnesian war what changed for people of mixed decent (part spartan)

A

People of mixed decent (part spartan) were now aloud to become fully spartan due to low population

58
Q

what was Socrates charged with

A

not believing in the gods of the same state

teaching the gods

corrupting the youth

59
Q

socrates spoke sharply about _______

A

democracy

60
Q

explain the oligarchy that occurred in Athens after the war

A

board of 30 tyrants in athens sympathetic to sparta and willing to sacrifice democracy

killed anyone they saw as a threat

many fled bc of them

61
Q

any lawsuits relating to the rules of the rule of the 30 was declared amnesty.

what does this mean

A

too many of yall complaining so forget it, move tf on

Classics 1000 (15 decks)

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