The Peloponnesian War and the Crisis of the Polis Flashcards
the Peloponnesian war was between who
sparta and athens
who ended up surrendering, who won
athens surrendered, sparta won
how long did the war last
27 years
dispute the knowledge of the horrid things they were on their way to do the athenians and the spartans still ______ to go to war
voted
this war enhanced the ____ features of Greek society
worst
both sides thought the _____ and ______ was worth the consequences of the war
honor and security
the archidamian war lasted ___ years
10 yrs
what is the archidamia war named after
Named after the Spartan king and commander Archidamus
who was the most important source for the archidamian war
thucydides
the greeks didnt see the archedamian war as……?
as a apart of the the peloponnesian war
Greeks called the first part of the peloponnesian war the archidamian war and didn’t really see the entire peloponnesian war as one
______ had far more resources to endure a war
athens
athens was fighting a _____ war
defensive
athens had _____ power
whilst sparta had ______ power
Athens had naval power, whilst sparta had land power
Pericles devised what strategy to win the war
defensive strategy:
They declined to participate in hoplite battle with the Spartans, and instead harassed peloponnesian territory with their navy
Farmers abandoned their land, and took only what they could carry in their wagons, and huddled with the city dwellers inside the long walls that linked Athens to Piraus
These walls made athens in essence an island as food and goods continues to be imported by ship
Spartans invaded the land of athens, whilst the athenians were hidden inside the tall walls
what did pericles think sparta would do in response to their defensive tactics
Pericles thought that the enemy would tire when nobody came to fight
what did the spartans think the athenians would eventually do after being in the walls for a while
the spartans thought the athenians would grow tired of being cooped up and of their land being ravaged
the spartans foresaw two possible consequences of the athenians being cooped up
Athenians would seek peace or
they would give up after a couple years
what happened to athens in the second year of the war
plague hit
1/2 pop died
Victims have oral bleeding, bad breath, painful vomiting, burning skin. insomnia, memory loss, and often fatal diarrhoea
explain the spread of “nihilistic lawlessness” that started to characterise life in the city after/during the plague
No one held back out of fear of gods or of the law because they saw that all worshipers alike were dying and ppl didint live long enough to endure court penalty
The combination of not being able to march out and the plague made Atheninans try to what?
The combination of not being able to march out and the plague made Atheninans try to opne up negotiations with the Spartans
what did the athens and pericles do at the end of the Archimedean war
Ignored Pericles - voted to dispose of him from the strategia
He did end up being booted
But they found no one better so they returned to him
after the archidamian war how did athens government change?
rich men still had the advantage in politics but many had died in the plague, allowing men who earned their money to participate in govvy as well as those who inherited it
new vocabulary - Demagogos/Demagogia emanign “leader of the people”
who was demagogos
Demagogos was a politician who manipulated the voters for his own end rather than letting himself be guided by patriotism and principle
who was the most prominent demagogue
cleon
several cities on the island of Lesbos had revolted from the Athenian empire under leadership of the demagogue Mytilene, why did they surrender in the end?
They were promised spartan aid if they revolted - it didn’t come
The mytileneans thus surrendered
what did the athenians plan to do to the mytileneans
The Athenians planned to killl all the men and sell the women and children into slavery
what was Cleon’s stance on the punishment of the mytileneans
Urged severe punishment to the mytilenean
what was Diodotus’ stance on the punishment of the mytileneans
spoke against the killing as it would deter surrender
what was Diodotus’ stance on the punishment of the mytileneans
spoke against the killing as it would deter surrende
what did athens do to the mytileneans
only executed the ringleaders
what did the spartans do to force athens out of their big ass walls?
Spartans decide to bypass athens and march north to Pylos, to attack the athenian allies so that athens had to help
where does athens go in response to the spartans attacking pylos?
how does sparta react
Athens goes southwest to a spartan ally
(where the helots revolt)
spartans race back
what happened that made sparta agree to a peace treaty
spartan solider get held captive
Sparta agrees to peace treaty to get their soldiers back
Agree to give up the land they conquered in the north
during the archidamian war, how often did Sparta attack Attica?
once/year
how did pericles die
he died in the archidamian war from the plague
how long was the peace of nicias made to last
50 years
the peace of nicias was essentially a victory for _______
athens
athenians ________ weakened the peloponnesian league
weakened
why was the peace of nicias not necessairly real peace
many did not agree/follow it
troubled interlude before resumption of hostility
what type of drama provides evidence for athenian attitudes towards war
comic drama
did the peace last long
naw fam
who was Alcibiades, the renegade aristocrat
Reckless, heavy drinker, politician
raised by Pericles
Persuaded athens to try to lure away various polies in the peloponnese to try to get them to join athens
Embarked upon an grand scheme to invade sicily
who did melos belong to
trick question hoe
Neutral island (not apart of sparta or athens)
Athens says they must join them or they will kill them all
how did athens do on the invasion of sicily
They fail their expedition and lose everyone in their fleet
why did aldibiades switch sides to the spartans
he got caught fucking the queen in athens
sparta declares war on athens again, with Alcibiades advising
what does he suggest that sparta do
Suggests that instead of sparta coming in the summer and leaving in the winter, they build forts outside of the walls
Get gold from the persians to build a naval fleet
bribe neighbors and create propaganda against athens
why did athens have to temporarily get rid of democracy for about a decade
civil strife in athens
they convert back to an oligarchy
where does Alcibiades go after advising sparta
back to athens
where does Alcibiades go after going to athens for the second time
he goes to persia
what did athens offer slaves to join the navy
their freedom
in the last years of the war, a friendships forms between Cyrus, Persian king’s son, and Lysander chief of _______ navy
spartan
in the final battle, ______ offered peace to _____
they declined
sparta offers peace to athens, they decline
in the last years of the war, the spartans finally have what due to the persians help
an adequate naval fleet
who finally wins and what odd event sparks it
sparta finally wins
all the athenian ships are dragged up onto the beach
There are theories that the athenian naval commanders were in on it
They no longer have a fleet
They finally agree to surrender
what were Sparta’s terms of surrender
Athens must get rid of the delian league
Tear down the big walls
their navy reduced to 12 ships
name some economic consequences of the Peloponnesian war
Disruption of Farming and Commerce
Poverty high
High death toll
Whole cities destroyed
agriculture suffered
Enmity and mistrust (social consequences, Lack of faith in the idea of greekness, and revolts)
after the Peloponnesian war what changed for people of mixed decent (part spartan)
People of mixed decent (part spartan) were now aloud to become fully spartan due to low population
what was Socrates charged with
not believing in the gods of the same state
teaching the gods
corrupting the youth
socrates spoke sharply about _______
democracy
explain the oligarchy that occurred in Athens after the war
board of 30 tyrants in athens sympathetic to sparta and willing to sacrifice democracy
killed anyone they saw as a threat
many fled bc of them
any lawsuits relating to the rules of the rule of the 30 was declared amnesty.
what does this mean
too many of yall complaining so forget it, move tf on
