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Classics 1000 > Sparta and Athens > Flashcards

Sparta and Athens Flashcards

1
Q

Sparta is the most ______ city in the Greel world, in the classical and Archaic ages

A

Powerful

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2
Q

The spartans were a _____ society, making it ______ to gain information on them

A

A closed society so more difficult to gain info on them

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3
Q

how is Sparta the same as other poleis?

A

same in that it was patriarchal, polyhteistic, rested on versaille labour, econ based on agriculture, recovered both law and martial matter

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4
Q

How is sparta different than other poleis

A

clearly defined goals, expanded a lot trying to attain them

Also super patriotic, anti individualistic which made for power/sense of belonging

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5
Q

what/where is lanconia

A

The surrounding terretory of sparta

Important centre in bronze age, suffered same dark period and renewal
A lot of dorians live in this region

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6
Q

define sinoichism

How did sparta go through it

A

the banding together of different

After the dark aged, they when through sonoichism, and one town centre (sparta) became the ruling city

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7
Q

what problem did sparta have? what did this inspire?

A

Sparta had a problem - needed land to help feed growing population

Instead of looking for land they conquered their neighbours, and eventually gained control of plain of laconia

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8
Q

the people they invaded in Laconia almost all became ______, to ensure they kept lanconian plane

A

Helots

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9
Q

Define helot

A

basically the slaves of the spartans

had to surrender a portion of their land (kleros) and give it to the spartans, as well as the furit of their labour

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10
Q

those who did not become helots became ______

A

Perioeci

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11
Q

define perioci

A

Habitats surrounding sparta on lanconian plane

they were more free but obligated to fight in army, and not allowed to participate in government

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12
Q

in the early archaic period, sparta invaded _______ in he first messenian war

A

messenis

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13
Q

after the first messenian war, the messenians became ____

A

helots

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14
Q

the first messnian war lasted _____ years

A

20 years

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15
Q

after conquering Messenia sprats became ….. ?

A

one of the largest greek states

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16
Q

the second messenian war was fought against _____

A

Argos

we dont know much about it

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17
Q

the Spartans had some trouble in the second Messenian war, whcih caused what

A

Helots overhear their struggle in the war they were having and rebelled

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18
Q

what mistake did sparta make in ensalving the helots

A

Mistake to enslave people on their own land, esp when theres more slaves than masters (about 7 helots for every spartan master)

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19
Q

when the helots rebelled, and sparta won, what did this inspire

A

They realized if their hoplites could be trained to their highest potential military skill, they would have military advtg over helots and enemies

Reformed their goals

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20
Q

what two goals did the spartans have

A

2 new goals:

All male citizens trained to be soldiers, free from other obligations

Socialising them to accept the regimond and discipline required of spartan soldiers

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21
Q

Until the hellenistic period, spartans had the only _______ ______

A

Until the hellenistic period, they were the only professional soldiers

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22
Q

why could the spartan system be considered totalitarian

A

it touched on personal things like how to wear your hair, conditions of conjugal intercourse, decision of procreation, whether and when to marry etc

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23
Q

when training young boys, what was the spartan ideal this training was based upon

A

to be skilled and courageous in battle, not surrender, and give up his life for his city

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24
Q

the spartan training began at birth, what did they do?

A

examining all newborns on whether they’d be trained or abandoned

A panel decided whether or not child was going to be trained

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25
Q

All children got _____ ________

A

the same education

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26
Q

at what age did children leave home to be trained

A

7 years old

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27
Q

what did the young boys get trained towards? how did they do this?

A

Training to be resilient and strong
( barefoot, hair cut short, told to steal and punished for getting caught, learnt to deal with harsh weather as they fought in winters)

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28
Q

During the weekly inspections of the boys called _____, what did this entail

A

called the parade

They had to be naked

Male and female

They were given praise or were mocked by crowd on the ideal physique

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29
Q

What happened for boys in training from age 14-20

A

Performed their preliminary military service for first time

Grew hair long

Training every day

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30
Q

From age 20-30 Spartans could get married but…….?

A

Had to live wit da bois

31
Q

what is the syssition? why is it important?

A

Acceptance into syssition was essential to becoming an adult

Syssition (dining group of about 15 others)

Each provided food and drink

Similar to symposia but different cause spartan were taught to drink in moderation

32
Q

what did the helots do in the syssition

A

Helots would get fucked up doe and dance and shit to entertain spartains, they were encouraged to laughed at em - to teach them lesson about drinking too much and to view the helots as pathetic

33
Q

Boys who couldn’t stand the lifestyle were called _______, had to wear dumb cloak and not allowed to be in office

A

Tremblers

34
Q

Spartan woman were raised to ______ ______ to be

A

bare soldier to be

35
Q

How were the spartan woman generally treated

A

Received better treatments than many other greek woman, exercising, going outdoors, well fed

36
Q

what did aristotle think of the spartan women

A

that they had too much freedom

37
Q

when would women get married

A

their mid 20’s

38
Q

What did the marriage ceremony entail

A

the braide shaved her head
husband snuck into her room
they fuck
and then he sneaks back to his barracks

39
Q

Same-sex sex was seen as _______ as long as physical attraction wasnt the primary driver

A

educational

40
Q

why was the spartan population shrinking

A

From the beginning they were limited in growth

Lack of trade and colonisation

Never got with foreigners

Their lifestyle made it worse, infaticide, soldiers trained to give up life for sparta

Population decline was gradual

Made worse also by natural disasters, emigration and econ problems

41
Q

Spartan referred to each other as _____

A

equals

42
Q

the entire economy was based around what?

A

Economy designed to enable citizens to give their time to defending polis

Agriculture was produced by the helots for the spartans, which was their entire economy

43
Q

define homoioi

A

Spartans referred to themselves as homoioi

44
Q

every year sparta did something to ensure the helots stayed at bay, what was it? why?

A

Spartans controlled the helots by every year they would declare a war on the helots to be able to say they were rebelling and have an excuse to make em docile

45
Q

spartans had a _____ kingship

which is???

A

Dula kingship

Two kings from two diff blood lines, one ruling at home and one ruling in battle

One of the few greek poleis that survived as a monarchy

46
Q

the groups of 28 elders who, along with the kinn, proposed laws to the people at the assembly were called what

A

Gerousia

47
Q

How were the gerousia appointed and how long did they rule

A

They were appointed by the people

They ruled for life

48
Q

Explain the ephors and their level of power

A

had no responsibility of thei own, only rules for one year

if a law was passed that they saw as a bad law, not spartan, they would refuse the law and then the gerousia would have to make a new law

They even had power over the king

49
Q

What is the assembly

A

the Gerousia would propose a law to the assembly

assembly is made up of spatan males

they would say “All opposed vs all for” and whichever was loudest would win

the law could not be passed unless approved by the assembly

50
Q

Almost every polis in this area came to be a part of an alliance that modern scholars call the _________ ______

A

Peloponnesian league

51
Q

When the Peloponnesian league voted on things, ow were the votes devided

A

Sparta’s vote was worth the same as every other polies combined

52
Q

the Peloponnesian league had a _____ alliance, meaning what?

A

a defensive alliance

If an attacker attacked any of the poleis involved, they had every polei in the peloponnesian league on their side
Made for a relatively stable system

53
Q

t or f

we have lots of information on athens

A

True

54
Q

describe Athenian Synoecism

A

Athenian Synoecism banded together, but over and over again until they grew into a fatty land mass called Attica

55
Q

the early athenian government had 9 _____

A

Archons

56
Q

what is an archon

A

they gave advice and proposed laws
Carried them out if passed by assembly

57
Q

What did the assembly do

A

They voted on the laws proposed and either passed em or didint

58
Q

The failed tyranny of Cylon inferred what

A

Tried to become tyrant, failed, but
This means there was prolly some discontent in the people

59
Q

Athens was poor in _____ but rich in Olives

A

Athens was poor in grain but rich in Olives

60
Q

Civil crisi in Athens lead to the “shaking off of debts” which means what

A

“Shaking off debts” - people had taken on loans from wealthy, the loan in indefinite but from now own they owe ⅙ of all their exports to them

61
Q

In athens, immigration is _______.

Why?

A

Encouraged

you can become an Athenian if you have artistic or craftsmanship abilities

62
Q

if fathers did not teach their sons a skill or trade, they owe them ______

A

if fathers did not teach their sons a skill or trade, they owe them nothing

63
Q

There were four wealth based classes of citizens. what would 2, 3 and 4 do

A

top 2 - could be an archon
3 - could dun for ant other type of office
4 - could be in the assembly

64
Q

_______ made himself a tyrant with the support of the hill faction

A

Pisistratus

65
Q

what are the three factions?

A

Hill - prolly everyone else and poor
coast - prolly merchants
plains - prolly farmers

66
Q

How many attempts did is take Pisistratus to seize power as a tyrant

A

three (loser)

67
Q

why was Pisistratus’ third attempt successful

A

got a private army and with support of hill people he became tyrant for 19 years till his death

68
Q

what policies did Pisistratus stand for

A
  • Land redistribution and interest-free loans
    -Refurbished water supply, giving access to fresh water to people living in town
  • Renovated acropolis
  • Created government backed currency
  • Established trade routes
  • public theatrical and sports festivals - first festival for dramatic plays
  • Established sporting festivals too (panathenion) , where they were given prizes unlike in the olympics
69
Q

how did Pisistratus’ dynasty collapse

A

Dude was assassinated by two young men because he insulted their sister

tried to make it so his two sons would take over

There was this parade of virgins (unmarried woman) and dude said naw sister u cant be involved (insulting af apparently)

70
Q

In the reforms of Cleisthenes (tyrant), there was a reconfiguration of attica from ___ tribes to ___

A

4 ot 10 tribes

71
Q

what is attica

A

Attica - was the surrounding area around athens

72
Q

the tribes were ____ ________ connected

A

Tribes were not geographically connected (eg, tribe 4 is located in a few places)

73
Q

Cleisthenes created a new council that could propose laws which included

_____ men
___ from each tribe
chosen at _____
legislative power given entirely to _______

A

500 men
50 from each tribe
Chosen at random
Legislative power given entirely to the assembly - all laws are to be decided on by assembly even if drafted

Classics 1000 (15 decks)

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