the ovarian and menstrual cycle

Question 1

when does the ovarian and menstrual cycle occur

Answer 1

in the fertile period in a women life where she can fall pregnant and give birth

Question 2

what age does the fertile period occur

Answer 2

between 16 and 55 years of age

from pubity to menopause

Question 3

changes of the ovaries refers to what part of the cycle

Answer 3

part of the the ovarian cycle

Question 4

changes of the uterus refers to what part of the cycle

Answer 4

part of the menstrual cycle

Question 5

what is menarche

Answer 5

refers to the first time a girl has their menstrual cycle

Question 6

what is the whole cycle controlled by

Answer 6

various hormones

Question 7

name the four predominate hormones that are present in the cycle

Answer 7

FSH
LH
oestrogen
progesterone

Question 8

what does FSH stand for

Answer 8

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 9

what does LH stand for

Answer 9

luteinising hormone

Question 10

how does the cycle begins

Answer 10

the very first menstrual cycle begins when the pituitary gland releases FSH into the bloodstream

Question 11

what does the FSH target

Answer 11

the FSH targets the ovarys and causes a immature follicle to begin to grow

Question 12

what hormone does a growing follicle secrete

Answer 12

oestrogen

Question 13

what three things does oestrogen do

Answer 13

1. it has a negative feedback on FSH
2. it begins the lining of the uterus- endometrium
3. it has a positive feedback on luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 14

what is the endometrium

Answer 14

the lining of the uterus

Question 15

what does LH cause

Answer 15

LH causes the mature Graafian follicle to rupture releasing the ovum

Question 16

what is the Graafian follicle called once it ruptures

Answer 16

corpus luteum

Question 17

what does the corpus luteum now release

Answer 17

it continues to release oestrogen as well as a second hormone called progesterone

Question 18

what two things does progesterone do

Answer 18

1. it maintains the lining of the uterus (endometrium)

2. it has a negative feedback on LH

Question 19

what is the corpus luteum called once it shrivels up

Answer 19

corpus albicans

Question 20

what is the corpus albicans like

Answer 20

a white scar

Question 21

what result does the corpus luteum shrivelling up into the corpus albicans have

Answer 21

it results in oestrogen and progesterone to not be released

Question 22

what happens once their is no progesterone being released

Answer 22

when their is no progesterone to maintain the endometrium it therefore it breaks down and comes out the vagina as a period

Question 23

what comes out as a period

Answer 23

the lining of the uterus or the endometrium

Question 24

what happens to the ovum when it is released

Answer 24

the Cumbria pulls the ovum into the Fallopian tube

Question 25

what are located on the walls of the fallopian tubes

Answer 25

cilia

Question 26

explain the negative feedback mechanism involving oestrogen

Answer 26

negative means opposite

high level of oestrogen will cause a low level of FSH

Question 27

explain the positive feedback mechanism involving oestrogen

Answer 27

positive means increase

so a high level of oestrogen will cause a high level of FSH

Question 28

when progesterone is stopped after the corpus luteum dies the endometrium breaks down, how is this stopped if pregnancy occurs

Answer 28

the developing embryo will release human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (HCG). it will travel through the bloodstream to the corpus luteum to keep making progesterone