the ovarian and menstrual cycle Flashcards
when does the ovarian and menstrual cycle occur
in the fertile period in a women life where she can fall pregnant and give birth
what age does the fertile period occur
between 16 and 55 years of age
from pubity to menopause
changes of the ovaries refers to what part of the cycle
part of the the ovarian cycle
changes of the uterus refers to what part of the cycle
part of the menstrual cycle
what is menarche
refers to the first time a girl has their menstrual cycle
what is the whole cycle controlled by
various hormones
name the four predominate hormones that are present in the cycle
FSH
LH
oestrogen
progesterone
what does FSH stand for
follicle stimulating hormone
what does LH stand for
luteinising hormone
how does the cycle begins
the very first menstrual cycle begins when the pituitary gland releases FSH into the bloodstream
what does the FSH target
the FSH targets the ovarys and causes a immature follicle to begin to grow
what hormone does a growing follicle secrete
oestrogen
what three things does oestrogen do
- it has a negative feedback on FSH
- it begins the lining of the uterus- endometrium
- it has a positive feedback on luteinising hormone (LH)
what is the endometrium
the lining of the uterus
what does LH cause
LH causes the mature Graafian follicle to rupture releasing the ovum
what is the Graafian follicle called once it ruptures
corpus luteum
what does the corpus luteum now release
it continues to release oestrogen as well as a second hormone called progesterone
what two things does progesterone do
- it maintains the lining of the uterus (endometrium)
2. it has a negative feedback on LH
what is the corpus luteum called once it shrivels up
corpus albicans
what is the corpus albicans like
a white scar
what result does the corpus luteum shrivelling up into the corpus albicans have
it results in oestrogen and progesterone to not be released
what happens once their is no progesterone being released
when their is no progesterone to maintain the endometrium it therefore it breaks down and comes out the vagina as a period
what comes out as a period
the lining of the uterus or the endometrium
what happens to the ovum when it is released
the Cumbria pulls the ovum into the Fallopian tube
what are located on the walls of the fallopian tubes
cilia
explain the negative feedback mechanism involving oestrogen
negative means opposite
high level of oestrogen will cause a low level of FSH
explain the positive feedback mechanism involving oestrogen
positive means increase
so a high level of oestrogen will cause a high level of FSH
when progesterone is stopped after the corpus luteum dies the endometrium breaks down, how is this stopped if pregnancy occurs
the developing embryo will release human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (HCG). it will travel through the bloodstream to the corpus luteum to keep making progesterone
