definitions for reproduction

Question 1

mitosis

Answer 1

the process of division of the nucleus of a cell in which the two daughter nuclei have the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

Question 2

gametes

Answer 2

a sperm or egg cell

Question 3

gonads

Answer 3

the primary reproductive organs, are the testes in males and the ovaries in the female

Question 4

zygote

Answer 4

the fertilised egg from which a new individual develops

Question 5

gametogenesis

Answer 5

the formation and development of the gametes

Question 6

blastocyst

Answer 6

a hollow ball of cells formed during early embryonic development

Question 7

primary sex organ

Answer 7

the organs that produce gametes, the testes and ovaries

Question 8

secondary sex organs

Answer 8

organs essential for reproduction but which do not produce gametes, include the ducts and glands that facilitate the conduction of the gametes produced.

Question 9

ovarian cycle

Answer 9

the regular series of events that take place within an ovary of a non pregnant female, associated with the maturation of an egg

Question 10

ovulation

Answer 10

the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary

Question 11

menstrual cycle

Answer 11

the regular series of changes that take place in the walls of the uterus of a non-pregnant female

Question 12

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 12

a hormone that stimulates the development of a follicle in the ovary

Question 13

luteinising hormone (LH)

Answer 13

a hormone that promotes final maturation of the ovarian follicle and formation of the corpus luteum

Question 14

human chorianc goradotropin hormone (HCG)

Answer 14

a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy

the developing embryo will release human chorionic gonadotropin hormone. it will travel through the bloodstream to the corpus luteum to keep making progesterone

Question 15

menarche

Answer 15

the onset of menstruation

Question 16

puberty

Answer 16

the period during which a person becomes sexually mature

Question 17

fertilisation

Answer 17

the fusion of the sperm and ova

Question 18

embryo

Answer 18

the early stage of development of an organism, in humans, from fertilisation to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy

Question 19

foetus

Answer 19

the developing individual after the second month of pregnancy

Question 20

gestation

Answer 20

the period of development of an organism in the uterus, the time between conception and birth

Question 21

parturition

Answer 21

the process of birth

Question 22

differentiation

Answer 22

the process by which unspecialised cells develop special characteristics to suit each particular hormone

Question 23

stem cells

Answer 23

a cell that has the ability to produce different types of body cells

Question 24

topipotent

Answer 24

stem cells that are able to create any of the types of cells necessary for embryonic development

Question 25

pluripotent

Answer 25

stem cells that are able to give rise to many, but not all of the cell types necessary for foetal development

Question 26

multipotent

Answer 26

stem cells that are able to give rise to a limited number of other cell types e.g blood cells will give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 27

meiosis

Answer 27

a type of cell division resulting in sperm or eggs, the sperm or egg has half the chromosomes number of the parent cell

Question 28

spermatogenesis

Answer 28

the formation and development of the spermatozoa

Question 29

oogenesis

Answer 29

the formation and development of the ovum within the ovary