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The Human Body > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

Parts of neuron (5)

A 
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Axon endings 
Myelin sheath
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1
Q

Neuron categories (3)

A

Afferent (sensory)
Efferent (motor)
Interneurons

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2
Q

Dendrite

A

Branching projections, receive signals from other neurons

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3
Q

Axon

A

Long extension conducts impulse away from cell body

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4
Q

Axon terminals

A

Release neurotransmitters which affect other neurons or effectors (muscles/glands)

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5
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulating outer layer of axon which increases rate of conduction of a nerve impulse and helps to repair. Made of Schwann cells.

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6
Q

Node of Ranier

A

Sections of axon exposed (uncovered by myelin sheath) which nerve impulses jump to.

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7
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Sensory

Send Info toward brain & spinal cord from sensory receptors

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8
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Motor

Send Info away from brain & spinal cord to muscle or gland

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9
Q

Interneurons

A

Integrate and interpret sensory signals

Send between neurons

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10
Q

Action potential

A

Nerve impulse

From resting potential (charge at rest):
1. Depolarization (reversal of charge across membrane)

Excitatory stimulus opens Na+ gates
Na+ ions enter neuron, increasing positive charge
If threshold is reached, more Na+ channels open
Net positive charge

  1. Repolarization (restoration of charge across membrane)

During action potential, K+ channels open
K+ ions leave cell
Interior negative charge restored

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11
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of parallel axons, dendrites or both, covered with connective tissue.

Can be afferent, efferent, or both.

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12
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical released at the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron after an action potential which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and acts on the post synaptic neuron.

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13
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between a neuron and another cell

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14
Q

Meninges

A

3 protective tissue coverings of brain and spinal cord

Meningitis is infection of these tissues

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15
Q

Parts of the central nervous system (7)

A 
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Brain stem
Hippocampus
Limbic system
16
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates sensory-motor voluntary movement

Memory of learned motor patterns

17
Q

Brainstem

A

Autonomic centers (heart rate, digestion)
Relays sensory info to thalamus
Integrates sensory input

18
Q

Cerebrum

A

Houses sensory areas
Motor areas, voluntary movement
Language, memory, decision making

19
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Allows communication between left and right brain

20
Q

Thalamus

A

Processes sensory information and relays to higher brain

21
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls homeostatic functions
Emotional center
Circadian rhythms

22
Q

Limbic system

A

Group of structure which produce emotions and memories

Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Olfactory bulb
23
Q

Hippocampus

A

Long term memory

24
Q

Peripheral nervous system (function and organization)

A

Carry info between CNS and rest of body

Somatic nervous system 
-carries sensory info
-controls voluntary movement
Autonomic nervous system 
-maintains homeostasis
-controls involuntary movement
   Sympathetic 
    -fight or flight
   Parasympathetic
    -rest and digest
25
Q

Types of sensory receptors (5)

A 
Mechano
Thermo
Photo
Chemo
Pain
26
Q

Sclera

A

White of eyeball

Protects, shapes, attaches to muscle

27
Q

Cornea

A

Provides window for light

28
Q

Choroid

A

Layer heavy with blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen

29
Q

Lens

A

Focuses light on the retina

30
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of eye regulates amount of light entering

31
Q

Pupil

A

Opening for light to enter eye

32
Q

Retina

A

Contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)

33
Q

Fovea

A

Section of retina which contains highest concentration of photoreceptors

34
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Fluid filling posterior chamber of eye maintaining shape. Is never replenished.

35
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Fluid filling anterior chamber of eye. Supplies nutrients and oxygen to lens and cornea and carries waste. Continuously produced.

36
Q

Gray matter

A

Cell bodies in thin outer layer of each hemisphere (cerebral cortex)

The Human Body (14 decks)

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