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The Human Body > The Blood > Flashcards

The Blood Flashcards

0
Q

Plasma protein

A

A

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1
Q

Plasma

A

A

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2
Q

Formed elements

A

A

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3
Q

Stem cell

A

A

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4
Q

Platelet

A

A

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5
Q

Parts of the blood (including %)

A

A

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6
Q

White blood cell

A

A

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7
Q

Red blood cell

A

A

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8
Q

Leukocyte

A

A

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9
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A

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10
Q

Granulocyte

A

A

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11
Q

Agranulocyte

A

A

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12
Q

Neutrophil

A

A

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13
Q

Eosinophil

A

A

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14
Q

Basophil

A

A

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15
Q

Monocyte

A

A

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16
Q

Lymphocyte

A

A

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17
Q

Erythrocyte

A

A

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18
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A

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19
Q

Eyrthropoeitin

A

A

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20
Q

Blood type

A

A

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21
Q

Agglutinate

A

A

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23
Q

function of albumins

A

Assist with water balance between blood and cells

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24
Q

formed elements

A

Substances transported in plasma

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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25
Q

stem cell

A

A cell which divides and differentiates into the various types of blood cells

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26
Q

platelet

A

Fragments of cells which play an essential part in blood clotting

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27
Q

function of white blood cells

A

-removal of waste, toxins,

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28
Q

function of red blood cells

A
  • carry oxygen to cells

- carry carbon dioxide from cells

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29
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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30
Q

phagocytosis

A

The process that white blood cells use to engulf and digest bacteria and cells at the end of their lifespan.

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31
Q

granulocyte

definition, types (3)

A

a class of white blood cells which contain granules in the nucleus. The granules are small sacs containing chemicals which assist in phagocytosis.

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

32
Q

agranulocyte

definition, types

A

A class of white blood cells which do not contain granules in the nucleus or contain very small granules

monocytes
lymphocytes

33
Q

neutrophil

A

type of white blood cell which consumes bacteria by phagocytosis

34
Q

eosinophil

A

type of white blood cell which consumes antibody-antigen complexes by phagocytosis and attacks parasitic worms

35
Q

basophil

A

type of white blood cell which releases histamine, which attracts other white blood cells to the area of infection and plays a role in allergic reactions

36
Q

monocyte

A

A type of white blood cell which leaves the blood stream, enters tissue, and develops into macrophages.

37
Q

lymphocyte

definition and types (2)

A

A type of white blood cell which produce antibodies and assist the body’s defense system in various ways.

T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes

38
Q

hemoglobin

A

A molecule within red blood cells which binds to oxygen and is responsible for their color.

39
Q

agglutinate

A

The clumping of blood cells that occurs when donor blood containing foreign antigens is given to a person.

40
Q

prothrombin

A

A plasma protein produced by the liver in an inactive form.

41
Q

thrombin

A

A plasma protein in its active form, made active by prothrombin activator.

Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

42
Q

fibrinogen

A

A plasma protein produced by the liver which is converted by thrombin into fibrin.

43
Q

fibrin

A

The protein that forms a net that traps red blood cells and platelets and forms blood clots

44
Q

function of plasma

A

Is the medium in which materials are transported by blood

45
Q

three categories of plasma protein

A
  • albumins
  • globulins
  • clotting proteins
46
Q

composition of blood (and %)

A

plasma (55%)

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets (45%)

47
Q

function of globulins

A
  • transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

- act as antibodies, providing protection against disease

48
Q

function of clotting proteins

A

ex. fibrinogen, assist in blood clotting upon injury

49
Q

macrophages

A

Phagocytic cells that engulf invading microbes, dead cells, and cellular debris

50
Q

antibodies

A

proteins that recognize specific molecules (antigens) on the surface of foreign cells and prevent them from harming the body

51
Q

B lymphocytes

A

A type of white blood cell which produces plasma cells, which produce antibodies.

52
Q

What determines a person’s blood type?

A

The presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of their red blood cells, as well as the antibodies in their plasma.

53
Q

What happens to damaged cells and their hemoglobin?

A

The cells become stuck in the liver, where macrophages engulf and destroy them. The cells release their hemoglobin, which is degraded into protein (turned to amino acids) and heme.

The iron from the heme is recycled to the bone marrow, and the remaining part of the heme is degraded in to bilirubin (a component of bile).

54
Q

A protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

55
Q

The protein that forms a net that traps red blood cells and platelets and forms blood clots is _______.

A

fibrin

56
Q

Five basic steps of blood-clotting process

A
  1. Injured cells and platelets release clotting factors.
  2. Clotting factors convert inactive blood protein into prothrombin activator.
  3. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin.
  4. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
  5. Fibrin creates a network which traps red blood cells and platelets, forming a blood clot
57
Q

A plasma protein which converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

A

Thrombin

58
Q

A plasma protein involved in blood-clotting, the precursor to thrombin.

A

Prothrombin

59
Q

The protein that forms a net that traps red blood cells and platelets and forms blood clots

A

Fibrin

60
Q

A plasma protein which is converted by thrombin into fibrin.

A

Fibrinogen

61
Q

hemophilia

A

A condition caused by a faulty gene involved in producing clotting factors. Results in excessive bleeding.

62
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

A condition occuring in an Rh+ fetus when an Rh- mother has produced anti-Rh antibodies after a previous pregnancy with an Rh+ fetus.

Anti-Rh antibodies pass into the fetus’s blood, causing its cells to burst. Results in severe anemia or death.

63
Q

Vitamin __ is needed for the liver to produce prothrombin and other clotting factors

A

K

64
Q

Leukemia

A

A cancer of the white blood cells causing their uncontrolled multiplication. This results in the bone marrow being overwhelmed with immature white blood cells, preventing normal blood cells from developing.

65
Q

Infection mononucleosis

A

A viral disease affecting lymphocytes, causing an increase in abnormal lympocytes

66
Q

anemia

A

A condition in which the blood’s ability to transport oxygen is reduced due to too few blood cells or to little hemoglobin.

67
Q

Two causes of anemia

A

Too few blood cells

Too little hemoglobin

68
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia

A

A type of anemia caused by too little iron in the diet or an inability to digest dietary iron.

69
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

A type of anemia caused by decreased production of intrinsic factor, a chemical which assists in the absorption of vitamin B-12.

70
Q

Type B blood contains which antibodies?

A

Anti-A

71
Q

What type of blood contains no antigens?

A

Type O

72
Q

What blood types can a person with Type A blood receive in a transfusion?

A

Type A

Type O

73
Q

What blood types can a person with Type AB blood receive in a transfusion?

A

Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O

74
Q

The ____ regulates red cell production.

A

kidney

75
Q

The _____ produces red blood cells.

A

red bone marrow

76
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn will never happen to the child of an Rh-negative mother if:

a. the child is type O-positive
b. the child is Rh-positive
c. the father is Rh-positive
d. the father is Rh-negative

A

d

The Human Body (14 decks)

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