The Cell

Question 0

Nucleus

Answer 0

Contains DNA

Controls cellular activity

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

Regulates movement in/out of cell ( selectively permeable)

Phospholipid bilayer

Separates ECF (interstitial) & ICF (cytoplasm)

Question 2

Ribosome

Answer 2

Site of beginning of protein synthesis

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Produces components of ribosomes (RNA & proteins)

Question 4

Golgi

Answer 4

Sorts, modifies, packages proteins from RER, sends to destinations

Question 5

Endoplasmic reticulum (2 types)

Answer 5

Channels surrounding nucleus

Types 
-smooth
    Contains no ribosomes
    Filters drugs/alcohol/chemicals 
    Production of phospholipids 
-rough 
    Contains ribosomes 
    Processes and modifies amino acid chains created in ribosomes, encloses in vesicles, sends to Golgi.

Question 6

Lysosomes

Answer 6

Contains digestive enzymes

Breaks down worn out cell parts and bacteria

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Place for cellular respiration
Input: glucose
Output: ATP

Question 8

Simple diffusion

Answer 8

Random movement of lipid-soluble substances across membrane in direction of concentration gradient (high>low)

Question 9

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 9

Movement of water-soluble substances across lipid membrane with help from membrane proteins in the direction of the concentration gradient.

Question 10

Carrier protein

Answer 10

Membrane protein which binds with water-soluble substance to carry it across the cell membrane.

Question 11

Channel

Answer 11

Membrane protein which creates a pathway across cell membrane through which water-soluble substances can move.

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration.

Question 13

Hypertonic solution (definition and action on the cell)

Answer 13

A solution whose solute concentrate is higher than inside the cell.

Water moves from high concentration inside the cell to low concentration outside the cell and the cell shrivels.

Question 14

Isotonic solution (definition and action on the cell)

Answer 14

A solution whose concentration of solutes is the same as inside the cell.

Cell exhibits no change.

Question 15

Hypotonic solution (definition and action on the cell)

Answer 15

A solution whose concentration of solutes is less than that inside the cell.

Water moves from high concentration outside the cell to low concentration inside the cell and the cell swells.

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

Mechanism moving substances across cell membrane using membrane proteins and ATP against concentration gradient.

Question 17

Endocytosis

Answer 17

Method for moving large substances (bacteria) into the cell.

Plasma membrane engulfs substance, pinches off into a vesicle, which then travels through the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Exocytosis

Answer 18

A method for removing large substances (hormones) from the cell.

Substance is enclosed in vesicle and delivered to plasma membrane.

Question 19

Cytoskeleton (3 types)

Answer 19

Network of fires throughout cytoplasm

Types

• microtubules
• microfilaments
• intermediate filaments

Question 20

Microtubules (3 functions, 2 types)

Answer 20

Straight hollow rods

Functions

• maintain cell shape
• create tracks for traveling organelles & vesicles
• help to separate chromosomes during cell division

Types
-cilia
Cell extensions on surface which move back and forth like oars, help with movement (ex. Move mucus and debris from lungs)
-flagellum
Whip-like cell extension which undulates, allowing movement. Sperm is only example in humans.

Question 21

Microfilaments

Answer 21

Solid rods, best known for role in muscle contraction

Also have role in cell division

Question 22

Intermediate filaments

Answer 22

Rope-like fibers

Maintain cell shape
Anchor organelles

More permanent than microtubules & microfilaments

Question 23

Functions of membrane proteins (3)

Answer 23

• Regulation of movement of substances in/out of cell
• Communication between cells (receptor proteins)
• Structural support (bind cells together)

Question 24

Types of structural proteins (3)

Answer 24

• tight junction
• adhesion junction
• gap junction

Question 25

Tight junction proteins (function and example)

Answer 25

Function: form barriers (preventing movement between cells, allowing movement only through cells)

Example: intestine

Question 26

Adhesion junction proteins (function and example)

Answer 26

Function: hold cells together but allow stretching

Example: skin

Question 27

Gap junction proteins (function and example)

Answer 27

Function: allow communication (chemical/electrical) between cells

Example: heart