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The Human Body > Cardiovascular/Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular/Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart (pump) Vessels (tubes) Blood (medium)

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2
Q

Myocardium

A

The wall of the heart, mostly made of cardiac muscle tissue.

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3
Q

Endocardium

A

The thin lining of the cavity of the heart which reduces friction.

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3
Q

Systole

A

The contraction of the heartbeat.

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4
Q

Pericardium

A

The thick, fibrous sac that holds the heart int he center of the thoracic cavity.

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5
Q

Diastole

A

The relaxation of the heartbeat.

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6
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The highest pressure in the artery during each heartbeat. Occurs during teh contraction of the ventricles.

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7
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The lowest pressure in the arteries during the heart beat. Occurs when the ventricles are relaxing.

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8
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

An image of the electrical activities of the heart generated by a recording device.

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9
Q

Capillary bed

A

The network of capillaries servicing a particular area of tissue.

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10
Q

Precapillary sphincter

A

the smooth muscle surrounding the capillary where it meets the arteriole. Regulates blood flow to the capillary.

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11
Q

Anatomy of an artery

A

Inner layer: endothelium

Middle layer: smooth muscle, elastic fibers (allows stretching in high pressure)

Outer layer: connective tissue

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12
Q

Anatomy of an arteriole

A

endothelium

smooth muscle (allows regulation of blood flow to the capillaries

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13
Q

Anatomy of a capillary

A

endothelium

thin layer allows for permeability (nutrients, wastes, fluid)

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14
Q

Anatomy of a venule

A

endothelium

valve (prevents backflow)

connective tissue

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15
Q

Anatomy of a vein

A

Inner layer: endothelium

Middle layer: smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Outer layer: connective tissue

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16
Q

Role of arteries

A

Move blood away from heart towards tissues

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17
Q

Role of arterioles

A

Regulation of blood pressure

Regulation of blood flow to capillary networks

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18
Q

Role of capillaries

A

Exchange of materials between blood and cells

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19
Q

Role of veins

A

Transport blood from tissues to heart

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20
Q

The first heart sound in a heart beat is caused by:

A

the closing of the atrioventrical (AV) valves

21
Q

Heart tissue is nourished by:

A

blood in the coronary blood vessels

22
Q

The second heart sound in a heart beat is caused by:

A

The closing of the semilunar valves

23
Q

Oxygen and nutrients move through the walls of the _____ to reach cells.

A

Capillaries

24
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system (3)

A
  • return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
  • transport products of fat digestion from small intestine to bloodstream
  • help develd against disease-causing organisms
25
Q

Function of lymph nodes

A

House macrophages and lymphocytes which defend against invading microbes and clear cellular debris.

26
Q

Trace the path of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.

A

Left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta> tissues > vena cava > right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium

27
Q

Trace the path of blood from the right atrium through the full circuit of blood flow

A

Right atrium > right AV valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valves > aorta > tissues > vena cava

28
Q

What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?

A

To prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles from the arteries.

29
Q

Pacemaker

A

Specialized cardiac muscle cells of the heart which allow automatic contraction.

30
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

The bundle of pacemaker cells which receive signal from the sinoatrial node and spread the signal to the ventricles

31
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A

The main bundle of pacemaker cells in the heart which set the tempo of the heartbeat

32
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

The valves found in between the atria and ventricles

33
Q

Semilunar valve

A

The valves found between the ventricles and connecting arteries.

34
Q

Thrombus

A

A stationary blood clot in blood vessel or heart which may obnstruct blood flow

35
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure. Damaging to heart because it increases workload. Damaging to kidneys because it reduces the blood flow through the organ.

36
Q

Embolism

A

A blood clot moving through the circulatory system, which can lodge in a small vessel causing tissue death (heart attack, pulmonary embolism, or stroke).

37
Q

Aneurysm

A

The weakening of an artery due to disease, inflammation, congenital defect, causes the artery to swell outward like a balloon. This can burst or cause blood clot formation.

38
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A buildup of fatty tissue in the walls of an artery, which narrows the opening of the artery causing a reduction of blood flow. Caused by damage to the arterial walls.

39
Q

Angina

A

A

40
Q

Angioplasty

A

A

41
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

A

42
Q

Coronary bypass

A

A

43
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

A

44
Q

High-density lipoproteins

A

A

45
Q

Low-density lipoproteins

A

A

46
Q

Organization of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphoid tissue/organs

47
Q

Lymph

A

A

48
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

A

49
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

Tonsils Thymus Spleen

50
Q

Fill in the blanks

A

Heart>Arteries>Arterioles>Capillaries>Venules>Veins

The Human Body (14 decks)

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