Cardiovascular/Lymphatic System Flashcards
Parts of the cardiovascular system
Heart (pump) Vessels (tubes) Blood (medium)
Myocardium
The wall of the heart, mostly made of cardiac muscle tissue.
Endocardium
The thin lining of the cavity of the heart which reduces friction.
Systole
The contraction of the heartbeat.
Pericardium
The thick, fibrous sac that holds the heart int he center of the thoracic cavity.
Diastole
The relaxation of the heartbeat.
Systolic pressure
The highest pressure in the artery during each heartbeat. Occurs during teh contraction of the ventricles.
Diastolic pressure
The lowest pressure in the arteries during the heart beat. Occurs when the ventricles are relaxing.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
An image of the electrical activities of the heart generated by a recording device.
Capillary bed
The network of capillaries servicing a particular area of tissue.
Precapillary sphincter
the smooth muscle surrounding the capillary where it meets the arteriole. Regulates blood flow to the capillary.
Anatomy of an artery
Inner layer: endothelium
Middle layer: smooth muscle, elastic fibers (allows stretching in high pressure)
Outer layer: connective tissue
Anatomy of an arteriole
endothelium
smooth muscle (allows regulation of blood flow to the capillaries
Anatomy of a capillary
endothelium
thin layer allows for permeability (nutrients, wastes, fluid)
Anatomy of a venule
endothelium
valve (prevents backflow)
connective tissue
Anatomy of a vein
Inner layer: endothelium
Middle layer: smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Outer layer: connective tissue
Role of arteries
Move blood away from heart towards tissues
Role of arterioles
Regulation of blood pressure
Regulation of blood flow to capillary networks
Role of capillaries
Exchange of materials between blood and cells
Role of veins
Transport blood from tissues to heart
The first heart sound in a heart beat is caused by:
the closing of the atrioventrical (AV) valves
Heart tissue is nourished by:
blood in the coronary blood vessels
The second heart sound in a heart beat is caused by:
The closing of the semilunar valves
Oxygen and nutrients move through the walls of the _____ to reach cells.
Capillaries
Functions of the lymphatic system (3)
- return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
- transport products of fat digestion from small intestine to bloodstream
- help develd against disease-causing organisms
Function of lymph nodes
House macrophages and lymphocytes which defend against invading microbes and clear cellular debris.
Trace the path of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
Left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta> tissues > vena cava > right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium
Trace the path of blood from the right atrium through the full circuit of blood flow
Right atrium > right AV valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valves > aorta > tissues > vena cava
What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?
To prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles from the arteries.
Pacemaker
Specialized cardiac muscle cells of the heart which allow automatic contraction.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
The bundle of pacemaker cells which receive signal from the sinoatrial node and spread the signal to the ventricles
Sinoatrial (SA) node
The main bundle of pacemaker cells in the heart which set the tempo of the heartbeat
Atrioventricular (AV) valve
The valves found in between the atria and ventricles
Semilunar valve
The valves found between the ventricles and connecting arteries.
Thrombus
A stationary blood clot in blood vessel or heart which may obnstruct blood flow
Hypertension
High blood pressure. Damaging to heart because it increases workload. Damaging to kidneys because it reduces the blood flow through the organ.
Embolism
A blood clot moving through the circulatory system, which can lodge in a small vessel causing tissue death (heart attack, pulmonary embolism, or stroke).
Aneurysm
The weakening of an artery due to disease, inflammation, congenital defect, causes the artery to swell outward like a balloon. This can burst or cause blood clot formation.
Atherosclerosis
A buildup of fatty tissue in the walls of an artery, which narrows the opening of the artery causing a reduction of blood flow. Caused by damage to the arterial walls.
Angina
A
Angioplasty
A
Coronary artery disease
A
Coronary bypass
A
Myocardial infarction
A
High-density lipoproteins
A
Low-density lipoproteins
A
Organization of the lymphatic system
Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphoid tissue/organs
Lymph
A
Lymphatic vessels
A
Lymphoid organs
Tonsils Thymus Spleen
Fill in the blanks
Heart>Arteries>Arterioles>Capillaries>Venules>Veins
