Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > 🔬The Nervous System 🧪 > Flashcards

🔬The Nervous System 🧪 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Impulse

A

Electrochemical messages that travel along neurons (nerve cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Receptors

A

Specialized structures that detect stimuli (sense organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Effectors

A

Organs that produce responses to stimuli (muscles, organs and glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stimulus

A

Any change in the internal or external environment of an organism that causes an impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Response

A

The reaction to the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dendrites

A

Highly branched fibers that RECIEVE messages and direct an impulse toward the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cell Body

A

Contains the nucleus, cytoplasm and other cell organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axon

A

Elongated portion of the neuron that varies in length. Direct impulse away from the cell body toward the terminal branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Fatty, insulation layer that surrounds the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath that allow exchange ions with the extracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Terminal Branches

A

Ending of the neuron; highly branched at the very end there are the terminal knobs that release neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Receives an impulse from receptors and directs the impulse toward the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interneuron

A

Neurons of the brain and spinal cord. These neurons receive and impulse from a sensory neuron and coordinate and process on appropriate response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Neurons that direct a message away from the spinal cord and brain out to an effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The complete Pathway

A

STIMULUS
Receptor
Sensory Neuron
Interneuron
Motor Neuron
Effector
RESPONCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The synapse

A
  • The tiny gap in between two neurons
    -Electricity cannot cross this gap
    -Message changes to a chemical called neurotransmitters
    -These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and dock with a receptor on the dendrite of the next neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cerebrum

A

Touch, vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cerebellum

A

Co-ordinate muscle movements maintain posture and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brain Stem (Medulla Oblongata)

A

Relay center connecting the cerebrum to the spinal cord, breathing, heart rate, body temp, wake and sleep cycles, digestion

20
Q

Organization of the Nervous System

A

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
Brain Spinal Cord Sensory Neurons Motor Neuron
Interneurons Somatic Autonomic
I
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Fight of flight rest and digest

21
Q

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Uses electrochemical messages: electricity through the neuron and chemicals (neurotransmitters) between neurons

A

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Uses chemical messages in the form of hormones

22
Q

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Uses neurons to transport messages

A

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Uses the bloodstream to transport messages

23
Q

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
150 meters/second
FAST

A

THE ENDOCTRINE SYSTEM
Average is 3-4 miles per hour. This is FAST but much slower than the nervous system

24
Q

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Responsible for REGULATION

A

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Responsible for regulation

25
Q

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

A

-Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream
-Hormones are delivered by blood to target cells
-These hormones dock with a receptor of the cell
-Hormones bring about a change in the cell

26
Q

Protein/Peptide Hormones

A

Dock with a receptor on the surface cell membrane

27
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

Slip through the cell membrane and docks with a receptor in the cells cytoplasm

28
Q

The Pituitary Gland

A

-The pituitary gland is also known as the Master Gland
-It releases many hormones that trigger other endocrine glands to release hormones
-The hypothalamus acts as a rely center between the Nervous and Endocrine Systems

29
Q

Human growth Gland (HGH)

A

GLAND - Pituitary
FUNCTION - Triggers made and bone growth

30
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

GLAND - Pituitary
FUNCTION - triggers the ovary in females to begin the development of an egg within a follicle an starts the menstrual cycle

31
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

GLAND - Pituitary
FUNCTION - Triggers the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

32
Q

Thyroxin

A

Increases cell metabolism

33
Q

Calcitonin

A

Lowers blood calcium levels

34
Q

Parathormone

A

Increase blood calcium levels

35
Q

Thymosin

A

triggers the maturation of the T-cell Lymphocytes

36
Q

Adrenaline/Epinephrine

A

Released during fight or flight response

37
Q

Cortisol

A

Released in times of prolonged stress

38
Q

Insulin

A

Lowers blood glucose levels through guiding sugar into cells

39
Q

Glucagon

A

Raises blood glucose levels by calling on glycogen reserves to be broken down

40
Q

The Testes release

A

Testosterone

41
Q

Testosterone

A

Controls sperm development and secondary sex characteristics

42
Q

The Ovaries release

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

43
Q

Estrogen

A

Initiates uterine lining growth and controls secondary sex characteristics

44
Q

Progesterone

A

Continues to promote uterine lining growth

45
Q

Negative Feedback Mechanism

A

Seeks to reverse a change that has occurred in the human body

46
Q

Positive Feedback Mechanism

A

Seek to continue a change and sometimes intensify a change that has occurred inside the body

47
Q

Melatonin

A

Controls the sleep/wake cycle

Biology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions