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Biology > The Excretory System > Flashcards

The Excretory System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are wastes?

A

Wastes are considered any substance produced by our metabolic activites that is harmful or excessive

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2
Q

Urine

A

is a combination of urea, water and salts an excreted by the kidneys

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3
Q

heat

A

is a waste product by the mitochondria during cellular respiration and execrated by the skin

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4
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

is a waste produced by the mitochondria during cellular respiration and execrated by the lungs

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5
Q

urea

A

is a waste produced by the liver from the breakdown of old-worn out RBCs. It moves to the kidneys to be excreted

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6
Q

Skin

A

The Hypothalamus located in your brain, controls your body temperature.
It has 2 regions:
-The Heat Loss Center and
-The Heat Gain Center

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7
Q

The heat loss center

A

anterior Hypothalamus results in the dilation of blood vessels near skin and sweating through the sweat glands

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8
Q

the heat gain center

A

posterior hypothalamus causes muscles to shiver, generating heat

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9
Q

Renal Artery and Veins

A

Renal Arteries bring blood to kidneys to be filtered, renal veins carry filtered blood back into circulation

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10
Q

Kidneys (2)

A

each kidney contains 1 million filtration units called nephrons

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11
Q

Ureters (2)

A

Connect kidneys to the bladder; urine travels through these tubes

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12
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

Temporally store for urine

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13
Q

urethra

A

narrow tube through which urine is eliminated from the body

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14
Q

Renal Cortex

A

outermost region of the kidney 1/2 nephron located here

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15
Q

Renal Medulla

A

middle region of the kidney other 1/2 of nephron located here

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16
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

innermost region of the kidney.
Urine collect here and directly connected to a ureter

17
Q

Liver

A

The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestine. Shaped like a cone, the liver is a dark reddish-brown organ that weighs about 3 pounds.

18
Q

Can you live without a liver?

A

NO you cannot live without a liver

19
Q

Can the liver regenerate?

A

YES the liver can regenerate

20
Q

List some functions of the liver

A

-Produces bile which helps carry away waster and break down fats in the small intestine during digestion
-Produces certain proteins for blood plasma
-Produces cholesterol and special proteins to help carry fats through they body
ETC.

21
Q

How many nephrons are there

A

THERE ARE 1 MILLION IN EACH KIDNEY

22
Q

The nephron is what?

A

The nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney

23
Q

STEP 1

A

Blood enters each kidney through the Renal Artery, dividing into arterioles and then into capillaries

24
Q

STEP 2

A

Capillaries cluster together forming the GLOMERULUS. Blood pressure builds, pushing the plasma only into the Bowman’s Capsule
RBCs and WBCs and platelets are immediately put back into circulation

25
Q

step 3

A

at the proximal tubule, active transport ‘pumps’ important substances (nutrients, hormones, antibodies) into the surrounding capillary network (reabsorption)

26
Q

STEP 4

A

at the loop of Henle more water is drawn out of the filtrate and reabsorbed by the surrounded capillaries

27
Q

STEP 5

A

your level of hydration dictates what occurs at the distal convoluted tubule

28
Q

STEP 6

A

hydration - water is added to the filtrate from the surrounding capillaries = HIGH URINE OUTPUT
dehydration - anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is released and triggers capillaries surrounding distal convoluted tubule to not allow water to be added to the filtrate = LOW URINE OUTPUT

29
Q

STEP 7

A

Urine then moves through the collecting tubule and toward the Renal Pelvis

30
Q

STEP 8

A

Urine leaves the pelvis, travels through the ureters, is temporally stored in the bladder before exiting the body through the ureatha

31
Q

STEP 9

A

All reabsorbed substances in the capillary network merge with Renal venules, to the Renal veins and eventually back to the heart through the Inferior Vena Cava

Biology (16 decks)

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