The nervous syetm

Question 1

What are the parts of a neuron

Answer 1

Dendrites, Axon, Myeline sheat, shwann cell, cell body, axon bulb/terminal, nucleus, nodes of ranvier

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

recieve information from the enviroment or other neurons

Question 3

Myeline sheath

Answer 3

acts as an insulator preventing the loss of charged ions from the axons, and allows the electrical impulse to travel faster

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

long extension that transmits impulse away to other neurons or effectors

Question 5

what is the neutral pathway in a reflex arc

Answer 5

stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors, responds

Question 6

Whatare presynaptic neurons

Answer 6

releases neurotransmitters into synapse

Question 7

what are postsynaptic neurons

Answer 7

recieve neurotransmitters from synapse

Question 8

what is threshold level

Answer 8

minimum level of stimulus required to produce a responce

Question 9

what is the synapse

Answer 9

a region between neurons, or between neurons and effectors(synapse cleft)

Question 10

what is an excitatory effect

Answer 10

An excitory neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that promotes depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron . This brings the neuron closer to the threshold level.

Question 11

what is inhibitory effect

Answer 11

An inhibitory neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron, making the inside of the cell more negative. This lowers the chances of the neuron reaching the threshold for an action potential

Question 12

What is depolarized

Answer 12

Depolarization occurs when a neuron’s membrane potential becomes less negative (more positive). When sodiam channels open and allowing more NA+ to enter

Question 13

What is hyperpolarization

Answer 13

Hyperpolarization happens when a neurons membrane potential becomes more negative due to potassium channels stay open for too long causing many K+ ions to rush in– making it more negative–

Question 14

What is resting potential

Answer 14

when the inside of the neuron is negative and not actively, transmitting charge inside a neuro, typically around -70mV. In this polarized state, the inside of the neuron is more negative compared to the outside due to the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains a balance by pumping 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in.

Question 15

Refractory period

Answer 15

recovery time required before a neuron can return to resting potential.

Question 16

sensory neuron(Afferent)

Answer 16

relay information from sensory receptors to CNS

Question 17

Interneurons

Answer 17

link neurons to other neurons(found in CNS)

Question 18

Motor neurons(Efferent)

Answer 18

Carry impulses from the CNS to the effectors to produce response

Question 19

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

consists of parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, permits involuntary functionings

Question 20

Somatic nervous system

Answer 20

consists of nerves connected to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles, permits voluntary action

Question 21

Meninges

Answer 21

protective covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Question 22

corebrospinal fluid

Answer 22

shock absorber between inner and middle menenges and central canal of the spinal cord

Question 23

Foramen magnum

Answer 23

Opening in skull for spinal cord

Question 24

spinal cord

Answer 24

carries sensory nerve messages from receptors to brain and relays messages from the brain to effectors

Question 25

Forebrain and whats included in it

Answer 25

(Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus) reason, memory, language, personality

Question 26

Midbrain

Answer 26

relay station for eye and ear

Question 27

Hindbrain

Answer 27

(Cerebellum, Pons, medulla oblongata) balance , muscle control, autonomic control

Question 28

Thalamus

Answer 28

interperets sensory information

Question 29

Hypothalamus

Answer 29

Interperets internal enviroment and instructs the pituitary gland to send a hormon or the medulla oblongata to send a nerve signal

Question 30

olfactory bulbs

Answer 30

detect smell

Question 31

cerebrum

Answer 31

largest part of the brain (coordinate motor actions, speech, reasoning memory and personality)

Question 32

what are the 4 lobes

Answer 32

Temporal, frontal, occipital, parietal

Question 33

What are the functions for each lobe

Answer 33

Temporal-interperet sensory info(hearing, smell) Frontal lobes-personality, memory, voluntary muscles Parietal- sense of touch Occipital- recieve information to do with vision

Question 34

Cerebellum

Answer 34

controls limb movement

Question 35

Pons

Answer 35

relay station between two regions of cerebellum and medulla oblongata

Question 36

medulla oblongata

Answer 36

site of nerve controll. Controls sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 37

Brocs area

Answer 37

coordinates speech muscles and translates thoughts into speech

Question 38

Wernickes area

Answer 38

language comprehension and storage