The Nature of Matter Flashcards
Atom
the basic unit of matter
What charge do protons have and where is there location?
Positive and in the nucleus
What charge do neutrons have and where is there location?
Neutral and in the nucleus
What charge do electrons have and where is there location?
Negative and moving around the nucleus
The mass of an atom comes from the what?
Protons and neutrons
What is the volume of an atom attributed to?
Electrons
What are ions?
Elements which differ in the number of electrons
What happens when elements gain electrons? (positive/negative?)
Negative
What are isotopes?
elements which differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus
What are valence electrons?
The electrons involved in chemical bonding
What is an example of an ionic bond?
a sodium atom that easily loses its electron and becomes a sodium ion
What is an ionic bond?
a compound where one element loses electrons and one element gains electrons
What is a covalent bond?
combining of elements to form a molecule by the sharing of electrons between atoms
What is an example of a covalent bond?
a hydrogen atom joins an oxygen atom
What do ionic bonds form between?
metals and nonmetals
What do covalent bonds form between?
two or more nonmetals
What is polarity?
the uneven distribution of electrons in a compound
Adhesion
sticking to other things
Cohesion
sticking to itself
Capilarity
cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water
***What does adhesion do to water in a tube?
it makes water stick to the side of the tube
Does water have a high heat capacity?
Yes
What is a solution?
a mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of each are evenly distributed
What is a solvent?
the part of a solution that does the dissolving
What is the universal solvent?
water
What is a solute?
particles which are dissolved
What is an example of a solute?
kool aid powder with water
What is pH?
concentration of hydrogen present in a solution
What are acids?
any substance which releases hydrogen ions in water with a pH range below 7
What are bases?
any substance which releases OH (hydroxide) in water with a pH range above 7
What are buffers?
weak acid/bases that can react with strong acids or bases used to keep a neutral pH
What are Van der Waals Forces?
a type of intermolecular force of attraction between molecules
Are van der Waals Forces stronger or weaker than ionic/covalent bonds?
weaker
