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Honors Biology > Chapter One Test > Flashcards

Chapter One Test Flashcards

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1
Q

why is carbon unique?

A

it has 4 valence electrons and can form strong covalent bonds with many elements

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2
Q

what is a macromolecule?

A

a giant molecule

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3
Q

what is the process of building macromolecules from smaller molecules?

A

polymerization

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4
Q

what is a monomer?

A

a small molecule that are put together to make long chains of molecules

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5
Q

what are the four types of macromolecules?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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6
Q

what are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

main source of energy for many living organisms

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7
Q

what is an example of a carbohydrate?

A

starches

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8
Q

what are the monomer and polymer forms of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides and polysaccharides

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9
Q

what are examples of lipids?

A

fats oils and waxes

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10
Q

what are the functions of lipids?

A

store energy for future needs, important part of the cell membrane and important for cushioning organs

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11
Q

what are steroids?

A

lipids that act as chemical messengers

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12
Q

what are the monomer and polymer form of lipids?

A

fatty acids/glycerol molecules and fatty acid chains

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13
Q

what are the functions of nucleic acids?

A

to store and transmit genetic information

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14
Q

what are examples of nucleic acids?

A

DNA, RNA, and ATP

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15
Q

what are the monomer and polymer forms of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotide and nucleic acids

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16
Q

what are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

a phosphate backbone, sugar, and a nitrogen base

17
Q

what are the monomer and polymer forms of proteins?

A

the monomer form is amino acids and the polymer form is polypeptides

18
Q

how many amino acids are there?

A

20

19
Q

what are the functions of proteins?

A

control the rate of reactions (enzymes), form bones and muscles, form the immune system, and transports substances in and out of cells

20
Q

what is a chemical reaction?

A

a process that changes one set of chemicals into another

21
Q

what are the starting and ending materials of chemical reactions?

A

reactants and products

22
Q

what do enzymes do?

A

speed up the chemical reactions that are taking place and lower the activation energy

23
Q

what can effect enzymes?

A

temp, pH, coenzymes, and amount of concentration

24
Q

what are the bonds in proteins called?

A

peptide bonds

Honors Biology (14 decks)

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