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Honors Biology > 1st MP Quarterly Exam Review > Flashcards

1st MP Quarterly Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A 
observation
hypothesis
experiment
analysis
conclusion
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2
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

the variable that is deliberately changed (what the scientist changes)

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3
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

the variable that changes in response to the independent (what the scientist is measuring)

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4
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of living things?

A 
evolve
homeostasis
cells
genetic code
need energy
respond to environment
reproduce
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5
Q

atom

A

the basic unit of matter

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6
Q

the mass of an atom comes from

A

protons and neutrons

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7
Q

the volume of an atom comes from the

A

electrons

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8
Q

ionic bonds

A

compound where one element loses electrons and one element gains electrons (transferring)

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9
Q

covalent bonds

A

combining of elements to form a molecule by sharing electrons between atoms

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10
Q

van der waals forces

A

a type of intermolecular force of attraction between molecules

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11
Q

polarity

A

the uneven distribution of electrons in a compound

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12
Q

pH scale

A

concentration of hydrogen present in a solution

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13
Q

acids

A

pH range below 7

any substance which releases hydrogen ions in water

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14
Q

bases

A

pH range above 7

any substance which releases hydroxide ions in water

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15
Q

buffers

A

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to keep a neutral pH

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16
Q

what is the structure of a water molecule?

A

two positive hydrogens and one negative oxygen

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17
Q

macromolecule

A

giant molecule

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18
Q

the process of large molecules built by combining smaller molecules

A

polymerization

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19
Q

carbohydrates

A

main source of energy for many living organisms
ex: glucose
monomer form monosaccharide
polymer form polysaccharide

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20
Q

lipids

A 
can be used to store energy for future needs
important for the cell membranes
important for cushioning organs
ex: fats oils and waxes
monomer form is fatty acids
polymer form is fatty acid chain
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21
Q

nucleic acids

A

to store and transmit genetic information
ex: dna rna atp
monomer form is nucleotide
polymer form is nucleic acids

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22
Q

what are the 3 parts of a nucleotide

A

phosphate backbone
sugar
nitrogen base

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23
Q

proteins

A 
controls the rate of reactions
form bones and muscles
form the immune system
transports substances in or out of cells
ex: enzymes
monomer form is amino acids
polymer form is polypeptides
24
Q

enzymes

A

speed up chemical reactions and lower activation energy

25
Q

what can effect enzymes?

A

temp
pH
coenzymes
amount of concentration

26
Q

steroid

A

lipids that act as chemical messengers

27
Q

species

A

a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

28
Q

population

A

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

29
Q

community

A

an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area

30
Q

ecosystem

A

all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment

31
Q

biome

A

a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

32
Q

biosphere

A

all of our organisms and physical environment

33
Q

biotic factor

A

living parts of the environment

34
Q

abiotic factors

A

the nonliving parts of the environment

35
Q

scavengers

A

feed of dead bodies of dead organisms and waste

36
Q

detritivores

A

feed on detritus particles often chewing or grinding them into even smaller pieces

37
Q

biomass

A

amount of living tissue

38
Q

evaporation

A

the process of turning liquid into vapor

39
Q

condensation

A

water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it

40
Q

transpiration

A

the process by which moisture is carries through plans from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves where it releases into the atmosphere as vapor

41
Q

precipitation

A

rain snow sleet or hail that falls to the ground

42
Q

niche

A

an organisms role in the environment

43
Q

the competitive exclusion principle

A

no two species can have the exact same niche at the exact same time in the same place

44
Q

keystone species

A

when changes in one population of a species can cause dramatic changes in the structure of a community

45
Q

mutualism

A

both organisms benefit

46
Q

parasitism

A

one organism benefits and the host is harmed

47
Q

commensalism

A

one organism benefits and one is un affected

48
Q

what 4 things effect population sizs?

A

birth rate
death rate
immigration
emigration

49
Q

how do you calculate growth rate?

A

birth rate - death rate + immigration - emigration

50
Q

exponential growth (what shape is on the graph?)

A

when members of a population reproduce at a constant rate (J shape on the graph)

51
Q

logistic growth (what shape is it on the graph?)

A

when limited resources slow or stop in population growth (S shape on the graph)

52
Q

carrying capacity

A

the # of individuals of a specific species that an environment can support

53
Q

what is the history of human population growth?

A

500 years ago it began to grow faster due to agriculture and improved medicine

54
Q

demography

A

the study of human populations

55
Q

what is an example of primary and secondary succession?

A

primary: volanic eruption or glaciers melting
secondary: a wildfire or hurricane

Honors Biology (14 decks)

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