1st MP Quarterly Exam Review

Question 1

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 1

observation
hypothesis
experiment
analysis
conclusion

Question 2

What is the independent variable?

Answer 2

the variable that is deliberately changed (what the scientist changes)

Question 3

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 3

the variable that changes in response to the independent (what the scientist is measuring)

Question 4

What are the 8 characteristics of living things?

Answer 4

evolve
homeostasis
cells
genetic code
need energy
respond to environment
reproduce

Question 5

atom

Answer 5

the basic unit of matter

Question 6

the mass of an atom comes from

Answer 6

protons and neutrons

Question 7

the volume of an atom comes from the

Answer 7

electrons

Question 8

ionic bonds

Answer 8

compound where one element loses electrons and one element gains electrons (transferring)

Question 9

covalent bonds

Answer 9

combining of elements to form a molecule by sharing electrons between atoms

Question 10

van der waals forces

Answer 10

a type of intermolecular force of attraction between molecules

Question 11

polarity

Answer 11

the uneven distribution of electrons in a compound

Question 12

pH scale

Answer 12

concentration of hydrogen present in a solution

Question 13

acids

Answer 13

pH range below 7

any substance which releases hydrogen ions in water

Question 14

bases

Answer 14

pH range above 7

any substance which releases hydroxide ions in water

Question 15

buffers

Answer 15

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to keep a neutral pH

Question 16

what is the structure of a water molecule?

Answer 16

two positive hydrogens and one negative oxygen

Question 17

macromolecule

Answer 17

giant molecule

Question 18

the process of large molecules built by combining smaller molecules

Answer 18

polymerization

Question 19

carbohydrates

Answer 19

main source of energy for many living organisms
ex: glucose
monomer form monosaccharide
polymer form polysaccharide

Question 20

lipids

Answer 20

can be used to store energy for future needs
important for the cell membranes
important for cushioning organs
ex: fats oils and waxes
monomer form is fatty acids
polymer form is fatty acid chain

Question 21

nucleic acids

Answer 21

to store and transmit genetic information
ex: dna rna atp
monomer form is nucleotide
polymer form is nucleic acids

Question 22

what are the 3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 22

phosphate backbone
sugar
nitrogen base

Question 23

proteins

Answer 23

controls the rate of reactions
form bones and muscles
form the immune system
transports substances in or out of cells
ex: enzymes
monomer form is amino acids
polymer form is polypeptides

Question 24

enzymes

Answer 24

speed up chemical reactions and lower activation energy

Question 25

what can effect enzymes?

Answer 25

temp pH coenzymes amount of concentration

Question 26

steroid

Answer 26

lipids that act as chemical messengers

Question 27

species

Answer 27

a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 28

population

Answer 28

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Question 29

community

Answer 29

an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area

Question 30

ecosystem

Answer 30

all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment

Question 31

biome

Answer 31

a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

Question 32

biosphere

Answer 32

all of our organisms and physical environment

Question 33

biotic factor

Answer 33

living parts of the environment

Question 34

abiotic factors

Answer 34

the nonliving parts of the environment

Question 35

scavengers

Answer 35

feed of dead bodies of dead organisms and waste

Question 36

detritivores

Answer 36

feed on detritus particles often chewing or grinding them into even smaller pieces

Question 37

biomass

Answer 37

amount of living tissue

Question 38

evaporation

Answer 38

the process of turning liquid into vapor

Question 39

condensation

Answer 39

water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it

Question 40

transpiration

Answer 40

the process by which moisture is carries through plans from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves where it releases into the atmosphere as vapor

Question 41

precipitation

Answer 41

rain snow sleet or hail that falls to the ground

Question 42

niche

Answer 42

an organisms role in the environment

Question 43

the competitive exclusion principle

Answer 43

no two species can have the exact same niche at the exact same time in the same place

Question 44

keystone species

Answer 44

when changes in one population of a species can cause dramatic changes in the structure of a community

Question 45

mutualism

Answer 45

both organisms benefit

Question 46

parasitism

Answer 46

one organism benefits and the host is harmed

Question 47

commensalism

Answer 47

one organism benefits and one is un affected

Question 48

what 4 things effect population sizs?

Answer 48

birth rate death rate immigration emigration

Question 49

how do you calculate growth rate?

Answer 49

birth rate - death rate + immigration - emigration

Question 50

exponential growth (what shape is on the graph?)

Answer 50

when members of a population reproduce at a constant rate (J shape on the graph)

Question 51

logistic growth (what shape is it on the graph?)

Answer 51

when limited resources slow or stop in population growth (S shape on the graph)

Question 52

carrying capacity

Answer 52

the # of individuals of a specific species that an environment can support

Question 53

what is the history of human population growth?

Answer 53

500 years ago it began to grow faster due to agriculture and improved medicine

Question 54

demography

Answer 54

the study of human populations

Question 55

what is an example of primary and secondary succession?

Answer 55

primary: volanic eruption or glaciers melting secondary: a wildfire or hurricane