Evolution Flashcards
Bottleneck effect
A change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population
Founder effect
A change in allele frequency as a result of migration
Genetic equilibrium
If a population is evolving and allele frequencies don’t change
Hardy-Weinburg Principle
Allele frequencies in a population should remain constant unless factors cause them to change
Vestigial structure
Have no function in the living organism
Stabilizing selection
Average form of a trait is favored
Directional selection
One extreme form of a trait is favored
Disruptive selection
Either or both extremes of a trait are favored over an average form of a trait
Gradualism
The idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time
Punctuated equilibrium
The hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change
What traits are always seen when using a bell-shaped curve on a graph?
Polygenic
