Human Heredity

Question 1

Karyotype

Answer 1

shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size

Question 2

Autosome

Answer 2

the remaining 44 chromosomes

Question 3

Pedigree

Answer 3

a chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships between parents

Question 4

Nondisjunction

Answer 4

when homologous chromosomes fail to separate

Question 5

In a pedigree which is a female and which is a male?

Answer 5

circle is female
square is male
shaded in expresses trait and not doesnt

Question 6

describes a trait that is controlled by many genes

Answer 6

polygenic

Question 7

The complete set of genetic information an organism carries in its DNA is its

Answer 7

genome

Question 8

Why is the ratio of male to female births roughly 50:50?

Answer 8

half of all sperm cells carry a Y chromosome

Question 9

How are the X and Y chromosomes different?

Answer 9

the Y carries fewer genes than the X

Question 10

What advantage do individuals with one sickle cell allele have?

Answer 10

a stronger resistance to malaria

Question 11

What is a trisomy?

Answer 11

when a chromosome isn’t split equally

Question 12

What happens when a male has XXY sex chromosomes?

Answer 12

Klinefields syndrome

Question 13

What is Leukemia?

Answer 13

a cancer of the body’s blood forming tissue, bone marrow, and hymphotic tissue (chromosome 22)

Question 14

What is Neurofibromatosis?

Answer 14

a benign tumor causing disease (chromosome 22)

Question 15

What is an example of a chromosome 21 disorder?

Answer 15

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Question 16

What is Kleinfelter’s syndrome?

Answer 16

have XXY (male) sterile and mental retardation

Question 17

What is Turner syndrome?

Answer 17

only have 1 X show as female cannot have kids

Question 18

What is Huntington’s disease?

Answer 18

(dominant disorders) mental retardation and uncontrollable movements, appears in middle age

Question 19

Achondroplasia

Answer 19

a form of dwarfism (dominant disorder)

Question 20

hypercholesterolima

Answer 20

excess cholesterol in blood, heart disease (dominant)

Question 21

albinism

Answer 21

lack of pigment, skin, hair, and eye (recessive)

Question 22

cystic fibrosis

Answer 22

excess mucus in lungs, susceptible to more infections, caused by the deletion of an amino acid (recessive)

Question 23

tay-sach’s

Answer 23

lipids accumulating in brain cells, mental deficiency, blindness, death in early childhood (recessive)

Question 24

sickle cell disease

Answer 24

red blood cells are twisted, misshaped and more rigid, damage to many tissues, one DNA base is changed (co dominant)