Human Heredity Flashcards
Karyotype
shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size
Autosome
the remaining 44 chromosomes
Pedigree
a chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships between parents
Nondisjunction
when homologous chromosomes fail to separate
In a pedigree which is a female and which is a male?
circle is female
square is male
shaded in expresses trait and not doesnt
describes a trait that is controlled by many genes
polygenic
The complete set of genetic information an organism carries in its DNA is its
genome
Why is the ratio of male to female births roughly 50:50?
half of all sperm cells carry a Y chromosome
How are the X and Y chromosomes different?
the Y carries fewer genes than the X
What advantage do individuals with one sickle cell allele have?
a stronger resistance to malaria
What is a trisomy?
when a chromosome isn’t split equally
What happens when a male has XXY sex chromosomes?
Klinefields syndrome
What is Leukemia?
a cancer of the body’s blood forming tissue, bone marrow, and hymphotic tissue (chromosome 22)
What is Neurofibromatosis?
a benign tumor causing disease (chromosome 22)
What is an example of a chromosome 21 disorder?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
What is Kleinfelter’s syndrome?
have XXY (male) sterile and mental retardation
What is Turner syndrome?
only have 1 X show as female cannot have kids
What is Huntington’s disease?
(dominant disorders) mental retardation and uncontrollable movements, appears in middle age
Achondroplasia
a form of dwarfism (dominant disorder)
hypercholesterolima
excess cholesterol in blood, heart disease (dominant)
albinism
lack of pigment, skin, hair, and eye (recessive)
cystic fibrosis
excess mucus in lungs, susceptible to more infections, caused by the deletion of an amino acid (recessive)
tay-sach’s
lipids accumulating in brain cells, mental deficiency, blindness, death in early childhood (recessive)
sickle cell disease
red blood cells are twisted, misshaped and more rigid, damage to many tissues, one DNA base is changed (co dominant)
