DNA Flashcards
Griffith
- Proved that the cause of pneumonia was not a chemical poison released by bacteria
- First to demonstrate the process of transformation
- Injected mice with different bacterias
Avery, McCarty, and Macleod
- Concluded that DNA carries genetic information
- First to discover the identity of the “transforming” factor
Hershey and Chase
- Tried to determine which parts of a virus infect the inside of the bacteria
- Used others x-ray photos to determine the structure of DNA
- Determined that the protein core of a virus is not what enters and infects the bacteria
Franklin and Wilkins
- Took x-rays of DNA strands
- Discovered that x-rays are in twisted coils and that there are two strands
Watson and Crick
-Built 3-D models of the DNA molecule
Chargaff
- Determined that adenine bonds to thymine and cytosine bonds to guanine
- Observed that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and that the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine in any sample of DNA
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
What two scientists established the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
Sugar and Phosophate
What are the rungs of the DNA ladder made of?
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What is Semiconservation Replication?
Each new DNA molecule is made up of one original strand and one new strand
What is the first step of DNA replication?
Helicase breaks down hydrogen bonds to open the helix. The strands of DNA separate.
What is the second step of DNA replication?
Primase attaches a small starter piece. DNA Polymerase 3 attaches 5 nucleotides to the exposed bases on the loose strands in a 5’ to 3’ direction.
What is the third step of DNA replication?
Ligase joins pieces of DNA together on the lagging strand. DNA Polymerase 1 proofreads the DNA.
