Genetics Review Flashcards
What is heredity?
The delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring
What is the different between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual does not produce identical offspring while asexual reproduction does.
How are the family generations labeled in a genetic cross?
Filials
What is Mendel’s Principle of Dominance?
Different alleles are dominant and recessive
What are alleles?
Forms of genes
What is the Principle of Segregation?
Separation of alleles during the formation of sex cells (gametes)
What is true breeding? (pure)
An organism that always produces offspring identical to itself if self pollinated
What is the Principle of Independent Assortment?
Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes, the chromosomes assort not the individual genes
What is incomplete dominance?
- Neither allele is considered recessive
- A hybrid will produce a blend of the two traits
What is Co-dominance?
- Neither allele is considered recessive
- A hybrid displays both traits from each allele
What is a multiple allele?
- There can be more than 2 alleles
- This can lead to multiple phenotypes
What is a polygenic trait?
- Some traits are controlled by more than one gene
- Large number of phenotypes
What is the difference between a diploid and haploid cell?
A diploid (2N) cell has the full # of chromosomes and a haploid (N) cell has 1/2 the # of chromosomes
What is meiosis?
The process of a diploid cell dividing to produce 4 haploid cells
What is prophase 1?
Chromosomes pair with its corresponding homologous chromosomes forming a tetrad (synapsis)
