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Fishies Midterm > The Muscular system > Flashcards

The Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

How much body mass does the muscular system take up? specifically what % in trout?

A
  • majority
  • 60% in trout
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2
Q

What are muscles vertically organized into? describe what they look like

A
  • “W-shaped” myomeres
  • flat and sheet like
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3
Q

How many sets of muscle myotome are there per vertebrate? What does this do?

A
  • 2 (top and bottom)
  • shortens and contracts to generate thrust
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4
Q

Where do muscle myotomes attach to?

A
  • skin and connective tissue
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5
Q

Why are salmon pink?

A
  • diet NOT muscle
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6
Q

What are the primary fuel sources in the production of ATP? What is the dietary fuel source?

A
  • fat + sugar
  • proteins
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7
Q

Does glycolysis use oxygen?

A
  • no
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8
Q

What how much ATP is produced in anaerobic production? what is the major biproduct?

A
  • 2
  • lactate
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9
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis is ______ as it occurs in ______.

A
  • cytosolic
  • cytosol
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10
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation is ______ and occurs in the _____.

A
  • aerobic
  • mitochondria
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11
Q

How many ATP are generated in oxidative phosphorylation?

A
  • 30
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12
Q

overall, how much ATP is produced?

A
  • 32 ATP
  • lactate
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13
Q

What are the 2 main types of muscle fibre?

A
  • red (0-15%)
  • white (vast majority)
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14
Q

What is red muscle fibre?

A
  • bundles - length of fish from head
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15
Q

What is white muscle fibre?

A
  • W shaped myomere
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16
Q

What muscles are dorsal?

A
  • epaxial
17
Q

What muscles are ventral?

A
  • hypaxial
18
Q

What is the function of red muscle?

A
  • aerobic endurance (long distance)
  • slow speed of contraction
19
Q

How are red muscle fatigue resistant fibers? (3)

A
  • numerous mitochondria
  • high myoglobin content
  • slow ATP consumption rate
20
Q

How do more mitochondria help with fatigue resistance?

A
  • produce ATP
  • balanced and efficient
21
Q

How does myoglobin content help with fatigue resistance?

A
  • buffers/stores + makes O2 available in the muscle
22
Q

How is ATP supplied in red muscle?

A
  • via oxidative phosphorylation
23
Q

How do lipid and amino acid stores supply ATP in red muscle?

A
  • largely dietary or muscle wasting at end of life/spawning
24
Q

How does low glycogen content allow for ATP supply?

A
  • glucose storage form in cell
25
Q

What is the advantage of red muscle having abundant capillary supply?

A
  • well vascularized (RBC have lots of O2) and high myoglobin/mitochondrial density
26
Q

Why are red muscle small in diameter?

A
  • low strength contraction (sustained low speed swimming/endurance)
27
Q

What is the main function of white muscle?

A
  • anaerobic burst (sprint)
28
Q

How is ATP produced in white muscle? what helps?

A
  • glycolysis
    –> high in glycogen (fast twitch glycolytic)
29
Q

What does high contraction velocity of white muscle do?

A
  • recruits large muscle mass
30
Q

What does low capillary supply and myoglobin contribute to in white muscle?

A
  • less blood in tissue = LACK OF VASCULARIZATION
31
Q

White muscle has ___ mitochondria.

A
  • fewer
32
Q

White muscle is _____. ____x that of red muscle. what does this cause?

A
  • thick
  • 2.7x
  • causes more tension with contraction
33
Q

what does increased thickness of white muscle do?

A
  • intensive/burst swimming (SHORT TERM)
  • rapid acceleration for catching prey/avoiding predation
34
Q

What is lactate buildup in white muscle converted back to?

A
  • glucose/glycogen
35
Q

Since white muscle is anaerobic, this causes ____ ____ and recovery is needed.

A

oxygen debt

36
Q

Continuously highly active fish use ____ muscle.

A
  • red
37
Q

Where is red muscle concentrated in intermittent, sustained high speed swimming fish?

A
  • caudal peduncle (propulsion)
38
Q

Intermittent burst fish have mainly ____ muscle. But ….

A
  • white
  • but have thin band of red muscle
39
Q

An example of fish using mainly white muscle would be _____ _____ fish.

A

lie-in-wait

Fishies Midterm (35 decks)

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