Scales Flashcards
What are the largest bony fish?
- sunfish
What is special about tetraodontiformes order?
- major diversity in body form
What is the function of scales? (3)
- protection
- calcium store (reduced endoskeleton = limited calcium store)
- drag reduction (change flow dynamics)
How did scales evolve?
- independently in cartilaginous and bony fish
What is the origin of scales
- dermal
What are the 3 main types of scales?
- placoid
- ganoid
- elasmoid
What are the major features of placoid scales? (2)
- tiny/toothlike
- sandpaper
What does the sandpaper feature of placoid scales allow for?
- improves hydrodynamic efficiency by reducing drag
What fish have placoid scales?
sharks
What are the major features of ganoid scales? (2)
- not overlapping, interlocking
- heavy bone base
How did ganoid scales derive?
- ancestral condition in bony fish
What are 2 fish species that have ganoid scales?
- gars
- chondrostei
Where are ganoid scales found on the body?
- along sides and back
What are the main features of elasmoid scales? (4)
- bony-ridged
- derived in bony fish
- overlapping
- covered by epidermis
What are the 2 subtypes of elasmoid scales?
- cycloid
- ctenoid
What are the major features of cycloid scales (3)? What 2 fish have them?
- round, flat, thin (more basil and primitive)
- trout + minnows
What are the major features of ctenoid scales? what kind of fish are they found in?
- tiny
- cone like
- found in spiny finned fish
What is the advantage of ctenoid scales?
- hydrodynamic efficiency
What would happen if scales were removed
- disrupts immune system
What is biomimetics?
- replicates dermal denticles of sharks (olympic times lowest ever)
- reduce drag
What uses biomimetics today?
- race cars
- wind turbines
- plane wings
define superoleophobic
- super oil repellent (likes water)
- mucus allows for cleaning up surface
- any biofouling (contamination) is easily washed off
How is shark skin antifouling?
- low drag
- flexion of scales and mucus layers
