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Fishies Midterm > Anatomical Features: Fins > Flashcards

Anatomical Features: Fins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the caudal fin?

A
  • propulsion
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2
Q

What is the function of paired-medial fins?

A
  • control/direction of movement
  • pitch/roll/yaw
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3
Q

What is the function of fin rays?

A
  • structural support
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4
Q

What fin rays are found in sharks? what are their features?

A
  • ceratotrichia
  • stiff, unbranched
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5
Q

What fin rays are found in bony fish? what are their features?

A
  • lepidotrichia
  • flexible, segmented, branched
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6
Q

What are the major features of pectoral fins in rover predators and bottom rovers?

A
  • ventral/below midline
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7
Q

What is the major function of pectoral fins in rover predators and bottom rovers?

A
  • stability/steering
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8
Q

What are the major features of pectoral fins in deep bodied and fast swimming predator rovers

A
  • long and pointy
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9
Q

What are the major features of pectoral fins in slower swimming predator rovers?

A
  • more rounded
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10
Q

What are the major features of pectoral fins in deep-bodied fish?

A
  • high on sides
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11
Q

What are the major functions of pectoral fins in deep bodied fish?

A
  • maneuverability, picking-up food
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12
Q

What fish have exaggerated/large pectoral fins?

A
  • flying/gliding fish
  • lionfish for display
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13
Q

What do sharks use their rigid pectoral fins for?

A
  • stabilization and diving
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14
Q

What is the ancestral condition of pelvic fins? what is the function?

A
  • ventral/posterior
  • assist in steering and breaking
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15
Q

What fish have ancestral pelvic fins?

A
  • rover predators
  • bottom rovers (sharks, sturgeon)
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16
Q

What adaptations have occurred in pelvic fins of deep bodied fish? what is the major advantage of this?

A
  • more anterior/below pectoral fins
  • maneuverability
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17
Q

What adaptations have occurred in pelvic fins of bottom clingers? what is the major advantage of this?

A
  • large, anterior holding structures
  • suction
18
Q

What adaptations have occurred in pelvic fins of eel-like fish? what is the major advantage of this?

A
  • absent/reduced
  • burrow/dig
19
Q

What is the main feature of dorsal/anal fins in rover predators and bottom rovers? what is the function?

A
  • long
  • stability, steering
20
Q

Where is the dorsal fin?

A

top of body

21
Q

Where is the anal fin?

22
Q

What are finlets? what are they found in?

A
  • rearmost fins that reduce drag
  • tuna
  • dorsal/pectoral fins fold into slots
23
Q

What are the features of dorsal and anal fins in eel-like fish?

A
  • long and may fuse with caudal fin
24
Q

What are caudal fins for?

A
  • propulsion (85%)
25
Q

What does the shape of caudal fins provide info on?

A
  • how fish swims/lifestyle
26
Q

How do you calculate aspect ratio?

A
  • (AR) = H2/SA
27
Q

What are the main features of a homocercal tail?

A
  • upper/lower lobes equal size
  • most bony fish
  • vertebral column = modified base
28
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of homocercal tails?

A
  • Lunate
  • isocercal
29
Q

What are the main features of lunate tails?

A
  • moon shape
  • stiff keel-like caudal peduncle
  • deep fork (high aspect ratio)
30
Q

What is the function of a lunate tail?

A
  • efficient trust generation
  • minimal drag
31
Q

Why is aspect ratio of lunate tail high?

A
  • SA reduced
32
Q

What fish have a lunar tail?

A
  • fast swimmers (ex. tuna)
33
Q

What is the main feature and function of isocercal tails?

A
  • lack well-defined lobes
  • burst swimming (bad for drag)
34
Q

What are the main features of heterocercal tails?

A
  • unequal = upper lobes longer than lower
  • vertebral column extends into upper lobe
35
Q

What is the advantage of the vertebral column extending to upper lobe in sharks and sturgeon?

A
  • stiff in sharks which generates lift as they are negatively buoyant
  • flexible in sturgeon which does not produce life (like being @ bottom)
36
Q

What is the main feature of diphycercal tails?

A
  • dorsal and ventral fins merge to form one long caudal fin
  • ex. lungfish
37
Q

What are the main features of adipose fin?

A
  • fleshy
  • lacks fin rays
  • not for fat storage
38
Q

What is a major advantage of adipose fin?

A
  • precaudal flow sensor (maneuverability in turbulent waters)
39
Q

Does adipose fin have functional significance? What did Hatry programs remove it for?

A
  • no
  • to ID wild vs not
40
Q

What are the 2 main hypotheses on significance of adipose fin?

A
  • swimming in post-larval stage
  • increases swimming efficiency
41
Q

What does removing adipose fin cause?

A
  • decrease in maneuverability
42
Q

What fish is adipose fin a characteristic?

A
  • salmonidae
  • smelts
  • catfish

Fishies Midterm (35 decks)

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