Properties of water

Question 1

Define density

Answer 1

mass per volume

Question 2

What does high density mean?

Answer 2

heavy for its size

Question 3

What does low density mean?

Answer 3

light for its size

Question 4

Density in water is ____ times greater than air

Answer 4

800

Question 5

What does high density in water allow for? (2)

Answer 5

• natural buoyancy
• good for generating thrust

Question 6

What does natural buoyancy mean?

Answer 6

• not sinking or floating

Question 7

What are 2 advantages to dense water?

Answer 7

• saves energy (buoyancy)
• pushing against dense water thrusts them foreward

Question 8

What is a major disadvantage to dense water?

Answer 8

• high resistance to motion (drag)
• holds fish back from gliding

Question 9

Define viscocity

Answer 9

• internal friction of water/molecular cohesion

Question 10

Viscosity of water is ___ times greater than air

Answer 10

50

Question 11

What are the major disadvantages of high viscosity in water?

Answer 11

• drag
• turbulence

Question 12

What are 2 adaptations to viscos water?

Answer 12

• streamlining
• high proportion of swimming muscles (able to generate thrust

Question 13

Define streamlining

Answer 13

• fusiform shape in aerodynamic

Question 14

What are 3 adaptations to overcome the fact that water is virtually incompressible?

Answer 14

• gills
• sound detection/transmission
• lateral line system

Question 15

What are gills/what do they do?

Answer 15

• ventilations
• gas exchange organ
• pump out water

Question 16

Sound in water moves ____ times faster than air

Answer 16

• 5

Question 17

What allows for sound detection?

Answer 17

• inner ear and swim bladder

Question 18

What is a swim bladder?

Answer 18

• air filled cavity

Question 19

What is the lateral line system and what is it used for? (3)

Answer 19

• senses sound/vibrations in water
  USED FOR
• locating other fish/objects
• body position
• communication

Question 20

What is the universal solvent?

Answer 20

oxygen

Question 21

What does it mean that oxygen is limiting?

Answer 21

• it is limiting to cellular respiration (limitation to fish)

Question 22

What does DO mean?

Answer 22

• dissolved oxygen

Question 23

What is the DO of water?

Answer 23

1-10ml/L

Question 24

Why is oxygen in water small?

Answer 24

• bc of low solubility

Question 25

What is the DO of air? What % of air is oxygen?

Answer 25

- 210mlL - 21%

Question 26

What are 2 examples of electrolytes?

Answer 26

- Na+ - Cl-

Question 27

How are nutrients diffused out?

Answer 27

simple diffusion

Question 28

What are organic compounds and nutrients good for? what are 2 examples?

Answer 28

- waste elimination - ammonia, CO2

Question 29

What helps with waste elimination?

Answer 29

- diffusion gradients of nutrients across bodies

Question 30

What are 2 examples of xenobiotics

Answer 30

- metals - pesticides

Question 31

How are xenobiotics taken up?

Answer 31

- across body surface

Question 32

What is light penetration?

Answer 32

- attenuation of light with depth - depth it can penetrate is limiting

Question 33

What is another name for the euphotic zone?

Answer 33

- sunlight

Question 34

Describe the euphotic zone

Answer 34

- where light is penetrated - shallow in coastal zone - most phytoplankton/algae

Question 35

What is first degree productivity?

Answer 35

- lots of phytoplankton/algae = more fish

Question 36

What is another name for disphotic zone? how deep does it go?

Answer 36

- twilight - up to 1000 m

Question 37

Describe disphotic zone

Answer 37

- low light - few fish

Question 38

What are 3 adaptations of fish in disphotic zones?

Answer 38

- barbels - electric organs - luminescence

Question 39

what are the functions barbels?

Answer 39

- sensory

Question 40

What is counter illumination?

Answer 40

- closer to light and above = fish below can see shadow - light at bottom of body changes contrast for predators

Question 41

Describe the aphotic zone

Answer 41

- dark - fewer known fish - similar specializations for darkness