Structure + Design

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the structure and design of circulatory system.

Answer 1

• blood
• blood vessels
• heart (pump)

Question 2

What is another name for red blood cells

Answer 2

• Erythrocytes

Question 3

in all non-mammals, RBC are _____

Answer 3

nucleated

Question 4

Red blood cells usually have ____

Answer 4

• hemoglobin (red)

Question 5

RBC are larger in ______

Answer 5

• elasmobranchs

Question 6

RBC size decreases with _____ _____. Why?

Answer 6

• activity level
• lower diffusion distance
• greater exchange SA

Question 7

What is haematocrit?

Answer 7

• packed RBC volume
• reflects O2 demands
• % RBC/Vol

Question 8

RBC arise from ____

Answer 8

• haemocytoblast precursors as immature RBC or WBC

Question 9

Do fish have bone marrow?

Answer 9

• No

Question 10

What do haemopoetic tissues do?

Answer 10

• make new blood cells

Question 11

What is the haemopoetic tissue in lampreys?

Answer 11

• fatty tissue above nerve cord

Question 12

What is the haemopoetic tissue in sharks?

Answer 12

• leydig organ in esophagus
• epigonal organ near gonads

Question 13

What is the haemopoetic tissue in teleosts?

Answer 13

• spleen and kidney

Question 14

What is MCHC (mean cell hematocrit conc.)

Answer 14

Hemoglobin[Hb] concentration (o2 bind)

Question 15

What is normochromic?

Answer 15

• normal [Hb]

Question 16

What is hypochromic?

Answer 16

• low [Hb]

Question 17

What are 6 effectors of blood cell production?

Answer 17

• life stage
• environment
• activity level
• gender
• season (temp change)
• pollutants (chlorine/metals)

Question 18

Pollutants ____ Hct

Answer 18

• decrease

Question 19

What does it mean to be anemic?

Answer 19

• low hematocrit (blood %)

Question 20

What are the major characteristics of Haemoglobin?

Answer 20

• metalloprotein (heme group)
• reversible O2 binding
• 4 subunits (tetrameric
• Cooperative O2 binding

Question 21

What does reversible O2 binding mean?

Answer 21

• Hold + release O2 (important for loading/unloading)

Question 22

What does cooperative O2 binding do?

Answer 22

• increases affinity for binding of O2 to other subunits
• increases affinity as more bind

Question 23

What shape does O2-Hb binding graph follow?

Answer 23

• sigmoidal

Question 24

What volume is 100% saturation of O2?

Answer 24

• 20 volumes % O2 (95% of O2)

Question 25

Where does the remaining % of oxygen go?

Answer 25

• dissolved in plasma