The Muscular System Flashcards
Classification of muscles by location
Skeletal muscles
Visceral muscles
Cardiac muscles
Classification of muscles by location
usually attached to the bones
Skeletal muscles
Classification of muscles by location
in the walls of some organs
Visceral muscles
Classification of muscles by location
in the heart, myocardium
Cardiac muscles
Characteristics of Muscles
striated, voluntary
Skeletal
Characteristics
nonstriated, involuntary
Visceral
Characteristics
striated, involuntary
Cardiac
the red lean meat of the body, make up almost half of the body weight.
Skeletal muscles
Skeletal muscle usually controlled by the
cerebrum
also called as muscle cells
Muscle fibers
many fine threadlike structures
Fibrils or myofibrils
a layer of connective tissue
Fascia
are usually attached at each to a bone, but some are attached to a cartilage, a
ligament, another muscle or to the skin.
Skeletal muscles
The attachment to bone is by connective tissue
a tendon or aponeurosis
of a muscle is its more fixed, less movable attachment, usually its proximal end.
Origin
of a muscle is its more movable end, usually its distal end.
Insertion
sometimes called a sinew cord, or leader is a cordlike fibrous connective structure that extends from the end of a muscle to a bony attachment.
Tendon
is a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that is often attached at one end to a muscle, often flat muscle and by the other end to a bone, cartilage, ligament or other muscle.
Aponeurosis
is a tunnel-like channel that surrounds a tendon.
A tendon sheath
is an inflammation of a tendon sheath
Tenosynovistis
a saclike structure lying between a muscle or tendon and an adjacent bony prominence over which the muscle tendon moves.
Bursa
is an inflammation of a bursa and it is frequently very painful.
Bursitis
the deposition of calcium, may occur in a bursa or tendon sheath.
Calcification
muscles do not completely relax when at rest, but remain partly contracted.
Muscle Tone
the main function of all muscles is to contract and cause movement of the body or
a part of it.
Contraction
are muscles that initiate and carry out some movement.
Prime Movers
are muscles that perform some movement opposite to that caused by the prime
movers.
Antagonists
are muscles that act with the prime movers to accomplish some movement but
prevent unwanted movement.
Synergists
are those that hold the adjacent bones in a fixed position so that the prime : movers may accomplish some certain movement.
Fixation muscles
the maintenance of the upright position of the body consists of a balanced contraction
of some muscle groups and the partial relaxation of opposing groups.
Posture
is a contraction of muscles that may persist for a long period of time, without
relaxation.
Muscle spasm
follows injury to, or destruction of, the nerves supplying that muscle.
Paralysis of muscles
may attack cells in the spinal cord that supply motor nerves to skeletal muscles.
Poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis)
Some Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
- Irritability
- Conductivity
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
- Contractility
Some Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
is the property of being able to respond to stimuli.
Irritability
Some Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
is the ability to conduct impulses from nerves, from electrical stimuli
Conductivity
Some Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
is the facility or stretching. This occurs by a lengthening of the fibrils of each muscle fibers
Extensibility
Some Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
the ability to return to the original length following stretching.
Elasticity
Some Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
is the ability to become shorter, and is due to a shortening with thickening of each fibril of each muscle fiber.
Contractility
Functions of Muscles
- ——- contract and cause movement.
- They maintain ——– in the upright and other positions of the body.
- They give ——— by maintaining a partial state contraction.
- Skeletal muscles
- position (posture)
- support to joints
How Muscles Are Named?
- By location
- By shape
- By Direction of Fibers
- By action
- Number of Parts
How Muscles are Named
examples of By location
Pectoralis major
How Muscles Are Named
examples of By shape
Quadratus, deltoid
How Muscles Are Named
examples of By Direction of Fibers
Trasversus, obliqe
How Muscles Are Named
examples of By Action
Flexor digitorum
How Muscles Are Named
Number of Parts
Biceps, triceps, quadriceps
How Muscles Are Named
Number of Parts
Biceps, triceps, quadriceps
Some Muscles Important in Radiography
- Diaphragm
- Pectoralis Major Muscle
- Psoas Major Muscle
- Intercostal muscles
Some Muscles Important in Radiography
Dome-shaped muscular partition that separates the thorax and abdomen.
Diaphragm
Some Muscles Important in Radiography
3 large openings of the Diaphragm
- Aortic hiatus
- Esophageal hiatus
- Opening of the inferior vena cave
Thick fan-shaped muscle that covers the upper anterior chest wall.
Pectoralis Major Muscle
Muscle lies lateral to the lumbar vertebrae in the posterior wall of the abdomen.
Psoas Major Muscle
Fillin the spaces between adjacent ribs, and their costal cartilages.
Intercostal muscles
The Diaphragm and Radiography
- The ———- lie well above the costal margins and may reach the 4” ribs.
tops of the dome
The Diaphragm and Radiography
Following inspiration, they lie at a ——– than the following expiration
lower level
The Diaphragm and Radiography
With the subject lying down the diaphragm lies at ——- than when upright.
a higher level
The Diaphragm and Radiography
Air escaping from a hole in the wall of the stomach or intestine will rise to the ———— in the abdomen.
highest possible level
The Diaphragm and Radiography
The diaphragm must be included in both ———– radiography.
chest and abdomen
Examples of Ligaments and Tendons
- Inguinal ligment
- Patellar ligament
- ligamentum teres
- Calcaneal tendon
Weak Abdominal Areas
- Umbilical Area
- Inguinal Area
- Femoral Area
