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RT 211 > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

is the transportation system of the body

A

Circulatory or Cardiovascular System

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2
Q

Two parts of the Circulatory System

A
  • Pulmonary
  • Systemic
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3
Q

Part of the circulatory system that conveys blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

A

The pulmonary part

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4
Q

The part of the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to all body tissues and cells (except some parts of the lungs and back to heart

A

The systemic part

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5
Q

The circulatory system is composed of?

A
  • The heart
  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Capillaries
  • Venules
  • Veins
  • Lymphatic vessels and nodes
  • Reticuloendothelial tissues
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6
Q

is a muscular pump that propels blood either to the lungs or to other body tissues

A

The Heart

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7
Q

are distributing vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart

A

The arteries

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8
Q

to all body tissues

A

Aorta

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9
Q

to the lungs

A

The pulmonary trunk

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10
Q

are the small final branches of the smallest arteries, and are present in all tissues that are supplied with the blood.

A

Arterioles

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11
Q

are very minute microscopic hairlike vessels that form networks between the small arterioles and the venules

A
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12
Q

What is the function of the Capilliaries

A

exchange of blood and tissue constituents takes place through the capillary walls

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13
Q

Is a colorless fluid that collects in lymphatic vesslss

A

Lymph

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14
Q

minute vessels which begin as very small vessels

A

Lymph capillaries

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15
Q

are formed by the union of capillaries that unite to form larger and larger vessels

A

Lymph vessels

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16
Q

are connected with the larger lymph vessels

A

Lymph nodes

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17
Q

The two Trunk Lymph vessels

A

Thoracic Duct and Right Lymph Duct

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18
Q

Draining whole body except the upper right

A

Thoracic Duct

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19
Q

Draining the right upper limb, right thorax, and right side of head and neck

A

Right Lymph Duct

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20
Q

form a second collecting system

A

The Lynphatics

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21
Q

Reticuloendothelial structures

A

Bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and thymus gland

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22
Q

Structure of Blood Vessels

inner coat layer, Layer of flat cobblestone like cells that form a lining membrane with connective tissues and elastic tissue

A

Tunica Intima

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23
Q

Structures of Blood Vessels

A layer visceral muscle, the fibers encircling the vessels, with considerable elastic tissue as well

A

Tunica Media (Middle coat)

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24
Q

Structures of Blood Vessels

A layer of connective tissue outside the middle coat

A

Tunica adventitia (Outer Layer)

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25
Q

bluntly pointed end that is directed to the left anteriorly

A

apex

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26
Q

the broad end that is directed to the right, posteriorly and cranially to the right of the right sternal border

A

Base

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27
Q

lies posterior to the sternum

A

Sternocostal surface

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28
Q

rest upon the diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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29
Q

The heart has _ coverings forming its walls, a ____, __ chambers or cavities, ___ openings and __ sets of functioning valves

A
  • 3 coverings
  • septum
  • 4 chambers or cavities
  • 4 sets of functioning valves
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30
Q

The Coverings of the Heart - The Wall

this layer forms the lining membrane of the heart

A

Endocardium

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31
Q

The Coverings of the Heart - The Wall

muscular layer of the heart and consists of a special type of muscle found only in the heart, cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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32
Q

The Coverings of the Heart - The Wall

thin covering and is applied to the outer surface of the muscular layer

A

Visceral Pericardium or epicardium

33
Q

The Pericardium and Pericardial Sac

Two layers of the Serous pericardium

A
  • Visceral layer
  • Parietal layer
34
Q

The Pericardium and Pericardial Sac

Outer covering of the heart in the Serous pericardium

A

Visceral layer

35
Q

The Pericardium and Pericardial Sac

Forms the lining of a sac that encloses the heart

A

Parietal layer

36
Q

The Pericardium and Pericardial Sac

A thick layer of fibrous connective tissue,
Surrounds the parietal pericardium to form the outer layer of the pericardial sac

A

Fibrous pericardium

37
Q

The Pericardium and Pericardial Sac

is a bag with the heart within it, consisting of the parietal serous pericardium and the fibrous pericardium

A

Pericardial sac

38
Q

The Pericardium and Pericardial Sac

is a potential space between the inner surface of the pericardial sac and the visceral pericardium

A

Pericardial cavity

39
Q

The Four Chambers of Cavities of the Heart

A
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
40
Q

The Heart

is that part of the partition between the right and left atria.

A

Interatrial septum

41
Q

The Heart

is the partition between the right and left ventricles.

A

Interventricular septum

42
Q

The Heart

is the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

The left atrioventricular opening (ostium)

43
Q

The Heart

is the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle.

A

The right atrioventricular opening (ostium)

44
Q

The Heart

are two ear shaped pouches, one forming part of each atrium.

A

The auricles

45
Q

The Heart

prominent anterior part of the right ventricle where it opens into the pulmonary trunk.

A

Conus arteriosus

46
Q

The Heart

is a groove on the surface of the heart marking the junction of the atria and the ventricles. It completely encircles the heart.

A

Coronary sulcus

47
Q

The Heart

anterior and posterior are the grooves where the ventricles meet each other anteriorly and posteriorly

A

Interventricular sulci

48
Q

The eleven openings into or within the heart

A

(2) atrioventricular openings
1. left atrioventicular opening
2. right atrioventicular opening
3. (1) pulmonary opening
4. (1) aortic opening
5. (1) opening of the inferior vena cava
6. (1) opening of the superior vena cava
(4) two right and two left pulmonary veins
7. first right pulmonary vein
8. second right pulmonary vein
9. first left pulmonary vein
10. second left pulmonary vein
11. (1) opening of the coronary sulcus

49
Q

The Valves of the Heart

A
  • Left atrioventricular valve or mitral or bicuspid valve
  • Right atrioventricular valve or tricuspid valve
  • Aortic valve
  • Pulmonary valve
50
Q

Blood Supply to the Heart

The route of blood supply

A

The right and left coronary arteries,
the first branches of the aorta,
- supply blood to the heart.
These vessels run along the coronary sulcus and the interventricular grooves on the surface of the heart
giving off branches “en route”

51
Q

Blood Supply to the Heart

drain blood from the cardiac capillaries

A

Cardiac veins

52
Q

Blood Supply to the Heart

is a large vein that lies in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus. It empties into the right atrium. It collects blood from most of the cardiac veins.

A

Coronary sinus

53
Q

consisting of a node in the wall of the right atrium initiates the impulses for contraction of the heart

A

Special Conducting Apparatus

54
Q

Conducting Apparatus and Nerves of the Heart

when stimulated increase the heart rate

A

Sympathetic nerve fibers

55
Q

Conducting Apparatus and Nerves of the Heart

stimulation of them slows the heart rate.

A

Two vagi nerves (10th cranial)

56
Q

is the contracting phase of the heart

A

Systole

57
Q

is the dilation phase of the heart

A

Diastole

58
Q

The Pulmonary Vessels and Circulation

A

Right ventricle – pulmonary trunk – right and left pulmonary arteries – lung capillaries – two right and
two left pulmonary veins – left atrium

59
Q

The Systemic Vessels and Circulation

A

Left ventricle – aorta – branches – capillaries – tributaries of – superior and inferior vena cava – right atrium

60
Q

Trunk artery of the systemic of general circuit.

A

Aorta

61
Q

Parts of the Aorta

A
  • Ascending aorta
  • Aortic arch
  • Descending thoracic aorta
  • Abdominal aorta
62
Q

Branches of Ascending Aorta

A

Right and Left Coronary arteries

63
Q

Branches of the Aortic Arch (enumerate)
( BT, RCCA (RECA, RICA) RSA, LCCA (LECA, LICA))

A
  • Brachiocephalic Trunk
    • The right common carotid artery
      * The right external carotid artery
      * The right internal carotid artery
    • The right subclavian artery
      * Axillary artery
      * Vertebral artery
    • The left common carotid artery
      * External carotid artery
      * Internal carotid atery
64
Q

Branches of the Descending Thoracic Aorta

A
  • Mediastinal
  • Esophageal
  • Pericardial
  • Intercostal
  • Superior phrenic
  • One right and two bronchial arteries
65
Q

Branches of Abdominal Aorta

A
  • The paired branches
  • Unpaired branches
66
Q

The paired branches of the Abdomical Aorta

A
  • Inferior phrenic arteries
  • Middle suprarenal arteries
  • Renal arteries
  • Ovarian and Testicular arteries
  • Lumbar arteries
67
Q

The unpaired branches of the Abdominal aorta

A
  • Celiac Trunk (celiac axis)
    • Gastric
    • Splenic
  • Common hepatic arteries
  • Superior mesentric artery
  • Inferior mesenteric artery
  • Middle sacral arte
68
Q

The Terminal branches of the Abdominal Aorta

A

Left common iliac artery
* Left internal iliac artery
* Left external iliac artery
Right common iliac artery
* Right internal iliac artery
* Right external iliac artery

69
Q

The Superior Vena Cava and Tributaries

A
  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Azygos vein
70
Q

Parts of the Superior Vena Cava

A

Right and Left brachiocephalic vein
* Internal jugular vein
* Subclavian vein
* Axillary vein
* External jugular veins
* Vertebral vein

71
Q

The Superior Vena Cava and Tributaries

right side of the mediastinum, intercostal, esophageal, pericardial, intercostal, and right bronchial veins.

A

Azygos vein

72
Q

Two parts of Azygos vein8

A
  • Hemiazygos vein
  • accessory hemiazygos vein
73
Q

Inferior Vena Cava and Tributaries

A
  • Common iliac vein (R and L)
  • Abdominal tributaries
74
Q

The Inferior Vena Cava and Tributaries

Parts of the Inferior vena Cava

A

Common iliac vein (R and L)
* Internal iliac vein (R and L)
* External iliac vein

75
Q

Abdominal tributaries of the Inferior vena cava

A

Abdominal tributaries
* Ovarian or testicular veins
* Renal veins
* Suprarenal veins
* Phrenic veins
* Lumbar veins (4 pairs)

76
Q

The Portal Vessels and Circulation

A
  • Portal vein
  • Abdominal aorta
77
Q

The Portal Vessels and Circulation

The parts of the Portal vein

A
  • Superior mesenteric vein
  • Splenic vein
    * Inferior mesenteric vein
  • Cystic vein, coronary, pyloric veins
78
Q

The Portal Vessels and Circulation

Parts of the Abdominal aorta

A
  • Celiac Trunk (celiac axis)
    • Gastric
    • Splenic
    • Common hepatic arteries
  • Superior mesentric artery
  • Inferior mesenteric artery
79
Q

br

A

RT 211 (12 decks)

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