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RT 211 > The Blood > Flashcards

The Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Is composed of liquid, the plasma, and of formed elements, the blood cells.

A

Blood

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2
Q

It is the liquid part of the blood, colorless fluid. 90% of it is water.

A

The Blood Plasma

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3
Q

The Blood Plasma contains?

A
  • Water
  • Inorganic salts
  • Blood Proteins
  • Digested food products
  • Hormones from the endocrine glands
  • Vitamins ABCD etc and subgroups
  • Antibodies
  • Gases in solution
  • Waster Products
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4
Q

The Blood Plasma

Sodium, phosphates, potassium, bicarbonates, calcium, iodine, magnesium, iron, chlorides, copper

A

Inorganic salts

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5
Q

The Blood Plasma

Blood Proteins

A
  • Albumin
  • Fibrinogen
  • Globulins — antibodies
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6
Q

The Blood Plasma

Amino acids from proteins
Glucose from carbohydrates
Sugars and starches
Fatty acids, glycerine from lipids (fats)

A

Digested food products

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7
Q

Endocrine glands

A
  • Pituitary gland
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Pancreas
  • Suprarenal glands
  • Gonads
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8
Q

The Blood Cells

Red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

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9
Q

The Blood Cells

White blood cell

A

leukocytes

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10
Q

The Blood Cells

Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear)
Eosinophils
Basophils

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11
Q

The Blood Cells

Agranulocytes or nongranulocytes

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
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12
Q

The Blood Cells

Disc shaped cells, concave on both surfaces when viewed on edge. They are formed in the bone marrow.

A

Red blood cells

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13
Q

The Blood Cells

——- in diameter

Red blood cells

A

7 microns

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14
Q

The Blood Cells

——— rbc per cubic mm of blood.

Red blood cells

A

4,500,000 to 6 million rbc

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15
Q

The Blood Cells

a compound of iron and a protein and forms in red blood cells during their development.

Red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

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16
Q

The Blood Cells

Function: transports oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues and cells. They also transport some carbon dioxide from body tissues to the lungs for elimination.

Red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

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17
Q

6,000 to 10,000 cells per cubic mm of blood.

A

White blood cells or Leukocytes

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18
Q

have granules in the cytoplasm

A

Granulocytes

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19
Q

60% to 70% of the leukocytes. Fine granules. Stain lilac, not red or blue. Cell
nucleus has from 2 to 5 lobes joined together by narrow strands. Polymorphonuclear.

A

Neutrophils

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20
Q

medium sized granules. Stain red with an acid dye such as eosin. 2% to 3% of all leukocytes.

A

Eosinophils

21
Q

coarse granules. 1% of the leukocytes. Stain blue with a basic dye such as methylene blue.

A

Basophils

22
Q

Nongranulocytes

A

Agranulocytes

23
Q

single large nucleus and stains reddish blue. 25% of all leukocytes.

A

Lymphocyte

24
Q

(mononuclear). Have a single rounded or kidney shaped nucleus that stains reddish purple

A

Monocytes

25
Q

Functions of Leukocytes

A
  • defend the body from bacterial infections.
  • help repair damaged tissues by a process of phagocytosis.
  • They also aid in the clotting of blood.
26
Q

increased in number in asthma and some parasitic diseases.

A

Eosinophils

27
Q

responsible for the development of immunity, the production of antibodies, gamma globulin, etc.

A

Lymphocytes

28
Q

Small irregular fragments of cells that are formed in the bone marrow.

A

Blood platelets/Thrombocytes

29
Q

Blood platelets
———— per cubic mm of blood

A

200,000 to 400,000

30
Q

The factors involved in the process of clotting include

(F, P, C, T, H)

A
  • Fibrinogen
  • Prothrombin
  • Calcium
  • Thromboplastin
  • Heparin/antithrombin
31
Q

a blood protein, formed in the liver, circulates in solution in blood plasma.

A

Fibrinogen

32
Q

is an enzyme formed in the liver, and circulates in solution in the blood plasma.

A

Prothrombin

33
Q

ingested with food also circulates in the blood plasma in an ionized state.

A

Calcium

34
Q

or thrombokinase does not circulate in the plasma but is present in tissue cells.

A

Thromboplastin

35
Q

is present in the liver and some other organs and dissolved in plasma. It acts to prevent blood from clotting within the blood vessels.

A

Heparin — or antithrombin

36
Q

Clotting Procedure

  • Following an injury, the injured tissue cells liberate ———— at the site of injury. Platelets may also give similar substance
  • Thromboplastin thus freed comes into contact with the spilled blood and converts the ———- dissolved in it to ———
  • ————– form fibrin. Fibrin consists of fine threads precipitated from the dissolved fibrinogen.
A
  • thromboplastin
  • prothrombin, thrombin
  • Thrombin + calcium + fibrinogen
37
Q

water for body tissues and cells, to provide a solvent in which digested food products, blood
proteins, minerals, gases, vitamins, hormones, and waste products are dissolved, for transportation.

A

Blood plasma

38
Q

medium in which blood cells may circulate throughout the body.

A

Blood Plasma

39
Q

Contain hemoglobin for transportation of oxygen, and some carbon dioxide.

A

Red Blood Cells

40
Q

Is an iron protein compound in RBC that unites readily with oxygen forming oxyhemoglobin for
transportation of oxygen to body tissues.

A

Hemoglobin

41
Q

function in immunization.

A

Lymphocytes

41
Q

Circulating in plasma, destroy microorganisms resulting from infection, remove injured and dead tissue following injury or infection, and help to form blood clots.

A

Leukocytes

42
Q

Function in blood clotting, liberate thromboplastin or similar substances, and clump to plug ruptured.

A

Blood Platelets

43
Q

to arrest hemorrhage by plugging blood vessels.

A

Coagulation of blood

44
Q

Some Pathological Terms - Blood

an increase in number of leukocytes in the circulating blood.

A

Leucocytosis or leukocytosis

45
Q

a decreased in the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood.

A

leucopenia

46
Q

an absence or marked decrease in the number of leucocytes in circulating blood.

A

Agranulocytosis

47
Q

(1) adecrease in the number of red blood cells in circulating blood.
(2) a decrease in the hemoglobin content of each red blood cell — an iron deficiency

A

Anemia

48
Q

an increase in the number of the red blood cells in circulating

A

Polycythemia

RT 211 (12 decks)

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