The Blood Flashcards
Is composed of liquid, the plasma, and of formed elements, the blood cells.
Blood
It is the liquid part of the blood, colorless fluid. 90% of it is water.
The Blood Plasma
The Blood Plasma contains?
- Water
- Inorganic salts
- Blood Proteins
- Digested food products
- Hormones from the endocrine glands
- Vitamins ABCD etc and subgroups
- Antibodies
- Gases in solution
- Waster Products
The Blood Plasma
Sodium, phosphates, potassium, bicarbonates, calcium, iodine, magnesium, iron, chlorides, copper
Inorganic salts
The Blood Plasma
Blood Proteins
- Albumin
- Fibrinogen
- Globulins — antibodies
The Blood Plasma
Amino acids from proteins
Glucose from carbohydrates
Sugars and starches
Fatty acids, glycerine from lipids (fats)
Digested food products
Endocrine glands
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
- Pancreas
- Suprarenal glands
- Gonads
The Blood Cells
Red blood cells
erythrocytes
The Blood Cells
White blood cell
leukocytes
The Blood Cells
Granulocytes
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear)
Eosinophils
Basophils
The Blood Cells
Agranulocytes or nongranulocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
The Blood Cells
Disc shaped cells, concave on both surfaces when viewed on edge. They are formed in the bone marrow.
Red blood cells
The Blood Cells
——- in diameter
Red blood cells
7 microns
The Blood Cells
——— rbc per cubic mm of blood.
Red blood cells
4,500,000 to 6 million rbc
The Blood Cells
a compound of iron and a protein and forms in red blood cells during their development.
Red blood cells
Hemoglobin
The Blood Cells
Function: transports oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues and cells. They also transport some carbon dioxide from body tissues to the lungs for elimination.
Red blood cells
Hemoglobin
6,000 to 10,000 cells per cubic mm of blood.
White blood cells or Leukocytes
have granules in the cytoplasm
Granulocytes
60% to 70% of the leukocytes. Fine granules. Stain lilac, not red or blue. Cell
nucleus has from 2 to 5 lobes joined together by narrow strands. Polymorphonuclear.
Neutrophils
medium sized granules. Stain red with an acid dye such as eosin. 2% to 3% of all leukocytes.
Eosinophils
coarse granules. 1% of the leukocytes. Stain blue with a basic dye such as methylene blue.
Basophils
Nongranulocytes
Agranulocytes
single large nucleus and stains reddish blue. 25% of all leukocytes.
Lymphocyte
(mononuclear). Have a single rounded or kidney shaped nucleus that stains reddish purple
Monocytes
Functions of Leukocytes
- defend the body from bacterial infections.
- help repair damaged tissues by a process of phagocytosis.
- They also aid in the clotting of blood.
increased in number in asthma and some parasitic diseases.
Eosinophils
responsible for the development of immunity, the production of antibodies, gamma globulin, etc.
Lymphocytes
Small irregular fragments of cells that are formed in the bone marrow.
Blood platelets/Thrombocytes
Blood platelets
———— per cubic mm of blood
200,000 to 400,000
The factors involved in the process of clotting include
(F, P, C, T, H)
- Fibrinogen
- Prothrombin
- Calcium
- Thromboplastin
- Heparin/antithrombin
a blood protein, formed in the liver, circulates in solution in blood plasma.
Fibrinogen
is an enzyme formed in the liver, and circulates in solution in the blood plasma.
Prothrombin
ingested with food also circulates in the blood plasma in an ionized state.
Calcium
or thrombokinase does not circulate in the plasma but is present in tissue cells.
Thromboplastin
is present in the liver and some other organs and dissolved in plasma. It acts to prevent blood from clotting within the blood vessels.
Heparin — or antithrombin
Clotting Procedure
- Following an injury, the injured tissue cells liberate ———— at the site of injury. Platelets may also give similar substance
- Thromboplastin thus freed comes into contact with the spilled blood and converts the ———- dissolved in it to ———
- ————– form fibrin. Fibrin consists of fine threads precipitated from the dissolved fibrinogen.
- thromboplastin
- prothrombin, thrombin
- Thrombin + calcium + fibrinogen
water for body tissues and cells, to provide a solvent in which digested food products, blood
proteins, minerals, gases, vitamins, hormones, and waste products are dissolved, for transportation.
Blood plasma
medium in which blood cells may circulate throughout the body.
Blood Plasma
Contain hemoglobin for transportation of oxygen, and some carbon dioxide.
Red Blood Cells
Is an iron protein compound in RBC that unites readily with oxygen forming oxyhemoglobin for
transportation of oxygen to body tissues.
Hemoglobin
function in immunization.
Lymphocytes
Circulating in plasma, destroy microorganisms resulting from infection, remove injured and dead tissue following injury or infection, and help to form blood clots.
Leukocytes
Function in blood clotting, liberate thromboplastin or similar substances, and clump to plug ruptured.
Blood Platelets
to arrest hemorrhage by plugging blood vessels.
Coagulation of blood
Some Pathological Terms - Blood
an increase in number of leukocytes in the circulating blood.
Leucocytosis or leukocytosis
a decreased in the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood.
leucopenia
an absence or marked decrease in the number of leucocytes in circulating blood.
Agranulocytosis
(1) adecrease in the number of red blood cells in circulating blood.
(2) a decrease in the hemoglobin content of each red blood cell — an iron deficiency
Anemia
an increase in the number of the red blood cells in circulating
Polycythemia
