Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas Suprarenal glands Gonads

The Blood Flashcards by Ashley Seclon

Is composed of liquid, the plasma, and of formed elements, the blood cells.

Blood

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It is the liquid part of the blood, colorless fluid. 90% of it is water.

The Blood Plasma

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The Blood Plasma contains?

Water
Inorganic salts
Blood Proteins
Digested food products
Hormones from the endocrine glands
Vitamins ABCD etc and subgroups
Antibodies
Gases in solution
Waster Products

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The Blood Plasma

Sodium, phosphates, potassium, bicarbonates, calcium, iodine, magnesium, iron, chlorides, copper

Inorganic salts

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The Blood Plasma

Blood Proteins

Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins — antibodies

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The Blood Plasma

Amino acids from proteins
Glucose from carbohydrates
Sugars and starches
Fatty acids, glycerine from lipids (fats)

Digested food products

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Endocrine glands

Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Pancreas
Suprarenal glands
Gonads

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The Blood Cells

Red blood cells

erythrocytes

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The Blood Cells

White blood cell

leukocytes

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The Blood Cells

Granulocytes

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear)
Eosinophils
Basophils

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The Blood Cells

Agranulocytes or nongranulocytes

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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The Blood Cells

Disc shaped cells, concave on both surfaces when viewed on edge. They are formed in the bone marrow.

Red blood cells

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The Blood Cells

——- in diameter

Red blood cells

7 microns

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The Blood Cells

——— rbc per cubic mm of blood.

Red blood cells

4,500,000 to 6 million rbc

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The Blood Cells

a compound of iron and a protein and forms in red blood cells during their development.

Red blood cells

Hemoglobin

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The Blood Cells

Function: transports oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues and cells. They also transport some carbon dioxide from body tissues to the lungs for elimination.

Red blood cells

Hemoglobin

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6,000 to 10,000 cells per cubic mm of blood.

White blood cells or Leukocytes

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have granules in the cytoplasm

Granulocytes

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60% to 70% of the leukocytes. Fine granules. Stain lilac, not red or blue. Cell
nucleus has from 2 to 5 lobes joined together by narrow strands. Polymorphonuclear.

Neutrophils

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medium sized granules. Stain red with an acid dye such as eosin. 2% to 3% of all leukocytes.

Eosinophils

coarse granules. 1% of the leukocytes. Stain blue with a basic dye such as methylene blue.

Basophils

Nongranulocytes

Agranulocytes

single large nucleus and stains reddish blue. 25% of all leukocytes.

Lymphocyte

(mononuclear). Have a single rounded or kidney shaped nucleus that stains reddish purple

Monocytes

Functions of Leukocytes

* defend the body from bacterial infections. * help repair damaged tissues by a process of phagocytosis. * They also aid in the clotting of blood.

increased in number in asthma and some parasitic diseases.

Eosinophils

responsible for the development of immunity, the production of antibodies, gamma globulin, etc.

Lymphocytes

Small irregular fragments of cells that are formed in the bone marrow.

Blood platelets/Thrombocytes

Blood platelets ------------ per cubic mm of blood

200,000 to 400,000

The factors involved in the process of clotting include ## Footnote (F, P, C, T, H)

* Fibrinogen * Prothrombin * Calcium * Thromboplastin * Heparin/antithrombin

a blood protein, formed in the liver, circulates in solution in blood plasma.

Fibrinogen

is an enzyme formed in the liver, and circulates in solution in the blood plasma.

Prothrombin

ingested with food also circulates in the blood plasma in an ionized state.

Calcium

or thrombokinase does not circulate in the plasma but is present in tissue cells.

Thromboplastin

is present in the liver and some other organs and dissolved in plasma. It acts to prevent blood from clotting within the blood vessels.

Heparin — or antithrombin

# Clotting Procedure * Following an injury, the injured tissue cells liberate ------------ at the site of injury. Platelets may also give similar substance * Thromboplastin thus freed comes into contact with the spilled blood and converts the ---------- dissolved in it to --------- * -------------- form fibrin. Fibrin consists of fine threads precipitated from the dissolved fibrinogen.

* thromboplastin * prothrombin, thrombin * Thrombin + calcium + fibrinogen

water for body tissues and cells, to provide a solvent in which digested food products, blood proteins, minerals, gases, vitamins, hormones, and waste products are dissolved, for transportation.

Blood plasma

medium in which blood cells may circulate throughout the body.

Blood Plasma

Contain hemoglobin for transportation of oxygen, and some carbon dioxide.

Red Blood Cells

Is an iron protein compound in RBC that unites readily with oxygen forming oxyhemoglobin for transportation of oxygen to body tissues.

Hemoglobin

function in immunization.

Lymphocytes

Circulating in plasma, destroy microorganisms resulting from infection, remove injured and dead tissue following injury or infection, and help to form blood clots.

Leukocytes

Function in blood clotting, liberate thromboplastin or similar substances, and clump to plug ruptured.

Blood Platelets

to arrest hemorrhage by plugging blood vessels.

Coagulation of blood

# Some Pathological Terms - Blood an increase in number of leukocytes in the circulating blood.

Leucocytosis or leukocytosis

a decreased in the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood.

leucopenia

an absence or marked decrease in the number of leucocytes in circulating blood.

Agranulocytosis

(1) adecrease in the number of red blood cells in circulating blood. (2) a decrease in the hemoglobin content of each red blood cell — an iron deficiency

Anemia

an increase in the number of the red blood cells in circulating

Polycythemia