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RT 211 > The Lower Limb: Bones and Joints > Flashcards

The Lower Limb: Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Important Parts: Bones of Lower Limb

Os coxae, innominate bone
A large irregular bone that connects the lower limb to the trunk.

A

Hip bone

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2
Q

Hip Bone

What are the parts of the Hip Bone

A
  • Acetabulum
  • Acetabular notch
  • Acetabular fossa
  • Obturator foramen
  • 3 fused bones:
    • Ilium
    • Ischium
    • Pubis
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3
Q

Hip Bone

a deep circular cup shaped depression on the lateral surface of the hip bone below its middle.

A

Acetabulum

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4
Q

Hip Bone

a gap on the inferior margin of the rim of acetabulum

A

Acetabular notch

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5
Q

Hip Bone

a flat central part of the acetabulum

A

Acetabular fossa

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6
Q

Hip Bone

large opening in the inferior part of the hip bone between the pubis and ischium

A

Obturator foramen

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7
Q

it forms the upper two-fifths of the acetabulum, and all of the hip bone above it.

A

Ilium

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8
Q

Parts of the Ilium

A
  • Body
  • Wing or ala
    Crest
    lliac fossa
    Auricular surface
    Four spines
    Anterior superior iliac spine
    Anterior inferior spine
    Posterior superior spine
    Posterior inferior spine
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9
Q

Ilium

is the thin flattened upper part of the ilium above the body.

A

Ala or Wing

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10
Q

Ilium

upper curved border of the ala.

A

Iliac crest

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11
Q

Ilium

concave inner surface of the wing of ilium

A

Iliac fossa

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12
Q

Ilium

a rough, ear-shaped part posterior to the iliac fossa that articulates with the upper lateral part of the sacrum.

A

Auricular Surface

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13
Q

Ilium

What are the Four Spines of the Ilium?

A
  • Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
  • Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
  • Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
  • Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine
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14
Q

Forms the lower two-fifths of the acetabulum and that part of the hip bone below and dorsal to the acetabulum.

A

Ischium

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15
Q

What are the parts of the Ischium

A
  • Body
    1. ischial spine
    2. ischial tuberosity
  • Ramus
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16
Q

Ischium

pointed process that extends dorsally and medially from the body of the ischium.

A

Ischial spine

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17
Q

Ischium

large rounded process on the posterior surface of the lower end of the body of ischium

A

Ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

Forms the anterior one-fifth of the acetabulum and the anterior part of the hip bone in front of the
acetabulum and obturator foramen.

A

Pubis

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19
Q

Pubis

Parts of the Pubis

A
  • Body
  • Superior ramus
  • Inferior ramus
  • Pubic arch
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Pubic crest
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20
Q

Pubis

a very small process on the superior margin of the pubic bone slightly lateral to the pubic symphysis.

A

Pubic tubercle

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21
Q

Pubis

small ridge on the upper margin extending from the symphysis to the pubic tubercle.

A

Pubic crest

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22
Q

Pubis

is the curved surface formed by the medial margins of both inferior rami of the pubic bones and the lower border of the symphysis pubis.

A

Pubic arch

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23
Q

(L = basin) a hollow curved cylinder with bony walls, at the inferior end of the vertebral column.

A

Pelvis

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24
Q

Pelvis

What are the part of the Whole Pelvis (9)

A
  • Linea terminals or arcuate line or terminal line
  • Superior aperture = inlet
  • Inferior aperture = outlet
  • True pelvis
  • False pelvis
  • Greater sciatic notch
  • Lesser sciatic notch
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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25
Q

Pelvis

a ridge of bone that begins at the upper margin of the symphysis pubis.

A

Linea terminalis (terminal line)

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26
Q

Pelvis

pelvic rim or inlet. Heart-shaped opening into the true pelvis.

A

Superior aperture (opening)

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27
Q

Pelvis

an opening at the lower end of the pelvis composed of the incomplete bony ring and ligaments.

A

Inferior aperture or outlet

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28
Q

Pelvis

or minor pelvis, is the cavity located between the inlet and outlet.

A

True pelvis

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29
Q

Pelvis

or major pelvis, lies above the plane of the inlet.

A

False pelvis

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30
Q

Pelvis

a deep notch on the posterior margin of the hip bone.

A

Greater Sciatic notch

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31
Q

Is along bone, and the longest bone in the body, extending from the hip to the knee.

A

Femur

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32
Q

Femur

What are the parts of the proximal extremity of the femur?

A
  • Head and fovea capitis femoris
  • Neck
  • Greater trochanter
  • Lesser trochanter
  • Intertrochanteric crest
  • Intertrochanteric line
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33
Q

Femur

small but definite hole at the center of the head.

A

Fovea capitis femoris

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34
Q

Femur

large prominence on the lateral surface of the upper femur.

A

Greater trochanter

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35
Q

Femur

much smaller rounded process that extends medially from the posteromedial margin of the upper femur at the junction of the neck and shaft.

A

Lesser Trochanter

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36
Q

Femur

is a ridge of bone that passes obliquely across the back of the upper femur between the greater and lesser trochanters.

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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37
Q

Femur

a ridge that extends obliquely across the anterior surface of the upper femur.

A

Intertrochanteric line

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38
Q

Femur

What are the parts of the Body

A
  • Linea aspera
  • Popliteal surface
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39
Q

Femur

a double bony ridge that passes longitudinally down the posterior surface of the body of femur.

A

Linea Aspera

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40
Q

Femur

What are the parts of the Distal extremity or end

A
  • Medial condyle
  • lateral condyle
  • Intercondylar fossa
  • Patellar surface
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Lateral epicondyle
  • Adductor tubercle
  • Popliteal groove
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41
Q

Femur

rounded knoblike process that forms the medial part of the distal end of the femur.

A

Medial condyle

42
Q

Femur

rounded process forming the lateral part of the distal end of the femur.

A

Lateral Condyle

43
Q

Femur

a deep notch located between the posterior parts of the femoral condyles.

A

Intercondylar fossa

44
Q

Femur

a small process on the medial surface of the medial epicondyle.

A

Adductor tubercle

45
Q

Is a sesamoid bone lying within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle tendon. It is a flat rounded bone and lies anterior to the knee joint.

46
Q

Patella

What are the parts of Patella

A
  • Base or proximal margin
  • Apex or pointed end
  • Articular surface
47
Q

large sturdy bone and lies medial to the fibula.

48
Q

Tibia

What are the parts of the Tibia

A
  • Proximal extremity or end
  • Body of tibia
  • DIstal extremity or end
49
Q

Tibia

What are the part of the proximal extremity/end

A
  • Medial condyle
  • Lateral condyle
  • Intercondylar eminence
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Fibular articular surface
50
Q

Tibia

What are the distal extremity/end of the tibia

A
  • Inferior articular surface
  • Medial malleolus
  • Fibular notch
51
Q

Tibia

a small, double pointed process on the proximal end of the tibia, located between the articular surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

A

Intercondylar eminence

52
Q

Tibia

rounded prominence on the anterior surface of the tibia below the condyles.

A

Tibial tuberosity

53
Q

Tibia

a small, smooth rounded area on the posterolateral border of the lateral tibial condyle.

A

Fibular Articular surface

54
Q

Tibia

a four sided smooth surface on the distal end of the tibia.

A

Inferior articular surface

55
Q

Tibia

projects down from the medial margin of the tibia. It reaches about one-half inch below the level of the ankle joint.

A

Medial malleolus

56
Q

Tibia

a concave depression on the lateral surface of the tibia just above the ankle joint.

A

Fibular notch

57
Q

Long slender bone lying on the lateral side of the tibia and parallel to it.

58
Q

Fibula

What the parts of a Fibula

A
  • Proximal extremity or end
  • Body of fibula
  • Distal Extremity
59
Q

Fibula

What are the parts of the Proximal extremity or end

A
  • Head
  • Apex
  • Styloid Process
60
Q

Fibula

pointed upper end of the head.

A

Apex or styloid process

61
Q

Fibula

distal expanded end of the fibula. Its tip is at lower level than the medial malleolus.

A

Lateral malleolus

62
Q

Short bones in the lower limb

A

Tarsal bones

63
Q

Tarsal bones

What are the Posterior Tarsal Bones

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Navicular bone
64
Q

Tarsal bones

astragalus is sometimes referred to an ankle bone. It lies between the distal end of the tibia and the calcaneus, transmitting body weight to the calcaneus.

65
Q

Talsar bones: Talus

upper smooth convex surface that articulates with the lower end of the tibia.

66
Q

Talsar bones: Talus

rounded anterior end of talus

A

The head

Talus

67
Q

Talsar bones

Largest tarsal bone and forms the heel

68
Q

Tarsal bones: Calcaneus

Calcaneal tuberosity

A

enlarged posterior end

69
Q

Tarsal bones: Calcaneus

small but definite shelf of bone that projects medially from the medial surface of the calcaneus immediately below the talus, which it helps to support.

A

Sustentaculum tali

70
Q

Tarsal bones

What are the anterior tarsal bones?

A
  • Medial cuneiform or first
  • Intermediate cuneiform or second
  • Lateral cuneiform or third
  • Cuboid bone
71
Q

-miniature long bones
-First, second, third, fourth and fifth
* base or proximal extremity
* body
* head or distal extremity
-the fifth one has tuberosity

A

Metatarsal bones

72
Q

miniature long bones
First, second, third, fourth and fifth
* Base or proximal extremity
* Body
* Head or distal extremity

73
Q

Often present in tendons on the plantar surfaces of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe, second
toe and sometimes in other toes.

A

Sesamoid bones

74
Q

Sesamoid bones

largest sesamoid bones

75
Q

Sesamoid bones

frequently present posterior to and above the lateral condyle of the femur.

76
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

What are the gliding joints of the lower limb

A
  • Sacroilliac Joints
  • Superior tibiofibular joints
  • Intertarsal joints
  • Tarsometatarsal joints
77
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

What are the cartilaginous joints of the lower limb

A
  • Pubic Symphysis
  • Inferior tibiofibular joints
78
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

What are the hinge joints of the lower limb

A
  • Knee joints
  • Ankle joint
  • Interphalangeal joints
79
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

What are the condylar joints in the lower limb

A
  • Knee joints
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints
80
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

  • Auricular surface of the sacrum
  • Auricular surface of ilium
A

Sacroiliac joints

81
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

Adjacent medial margins of the pubic bones

A

Pubic Symphysis

82
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

  • Head of the femur
  • Cup shaped acetabulum of the hip bone
A

Hip joints/Coxal joints

83
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

the ligament of the femoral head is attached to the pit on
the femoral head above and to the acetabular notch of the hip bone below.

From the hip joint

A

Round ligament (ligamentum teres)

84
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

  • Medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulating the medial and lateral condyle of tibia
  • Patellar surface of the femur articulating with the patella
A

Knee Joints

85
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

2 flat half-moon shaped discs of cartilage with the knee joint.

Knee Joint

A

Menisci or semilunar cartilages

86
Q

Joint of the Lower Limb

two band of fibrous tissue that pass up from the intercondylar part of tibia, one to each margin of the intercondylknar fossa.

knee joint

A

Cruciate ligaments

87
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

is attached to the base of the patella

Knee joint

A

The tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle

88
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

extends from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.

Knee Joint

A

Patellar Ligaments

89
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

is prolonged upwards on the anterior surface of the femur behind the patella and quadriceps tendon to form the suprapatellar bursa

Knee joint

A

Synovial Membrane

90
Q

joints of the Lower Limb

extends from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.

Knee Joint

A

Patellar Ligaments

91
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

  • Fibular articular surface of the tibia
  • surface on the medial margin of the head of fibula
A

Superior tibiofibular joints

92
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

  • Medial surface of the lower part of fibula
  • Fibular notch of the tibia
A

Inferior tibiofibular joints

93
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

Inferior articular surface of the tibia articulating with the trochlea of the talus, and the medial and lateral malleoli with the medial and lateral surfaces of the talus

A

Ankle joint

94
Q

Joints of the Lower Limb

  • Head of metatarsal bones
  • Bases of phalanges
  • Interphalangeal joints — hinge joints
  • Head of one phalanx
  • Base of another phalanx
A

Metatarsophalangeal joints

95
Q

Visible when the foot is viewed on the medial border, Formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bone

A

Longitudinal arch

96
Q

Curved from the medial side of the plantar surface to the lateral margin of the foot

A

Transverse arch

97
Q

Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Lower Limb

femoral head lies outside of and above the acetabulum.

A

Congenital dislocation

98
Q

Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Lower Limb

patella may present as 2 separate bones

A

Bipartite patella

99
Q

Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Lower Limb

a small triangular bone posterior to the talus has formed from a separate epiphysis to that of the talus, and has failed to unite with it.

A

Os Trigonum

100
Q

Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Lower Limb

the posteromedial part of the navicular bone may be separate from the main part of this bone.

A

Accessory navicular bone

RT 211 (12 decks)

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