The Muscular System Flashcards
t
long, slender cells that make up muscles
muscle fibers
t
a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles
fascia
t
means pertaining to the muscle tissue and fascia
myofascial
t
narrow band of non-elastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to bone
tendon
t
attaches muscles to the bottom of the patella
patellar tendon
t
attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone
Achilles tendon
t
a sheet-like fibrous tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone
aponeurosis
t
attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible; voluntary muscles or striated (striped) muscles
skeletal muscles
t
located in the walls of internal organs; their function it to move/ control the fluids through these structures; involuntary/unstriated/visceral muscles
smooth muscles
t
form the muscular walls of the heart (myocardium/cardiac muscle); causes the heart to beat
myocardial muscles
t
the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve which enables the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract
muscle innervation
t
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
neuromuscular
t
working in opposition to each other
antagonistic
t
tightening of a muscle
contraction
t
when a muscle returns to its original form
relaxation
t
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
abduction
t
movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
adduction
t
decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb or joint
flexion
t
increasing the angle between two bones by straightening a limb
extension
t
extreme or overextension of a body part beyond its normal limit
hyperextension
t
the act of raising or lifting a body part
elevation
t
the act of lowering a body part
depression
t
a circular movement around its axis
rotation
t
an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body
axis
t
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
circumduction
t
palm up; foot turned forward or upward
supination
t
palm down; foot turned downward or backward
pronation
t
movement that bends foot upward at the ankle
dorsiflexion
t
movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle
plantarflexion
t
pertaining to the sole of the foot
plantar
t
where a muscle begins; less moveable; near midline
origin
t
where the muscle ends; more moveable; farthest from midline
insertion
t
muscle that helps bend the neck and rotate the head
sternocleidomastoid
t
wrist
carpi
t
chest
pectoral
t
think, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall
pectoralis major
t
toward the side
lateralis
t
toward the midline
medialis
t
slanted or at an angle
oblique
t
straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
rectus
t
ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sphincter
t
crosswise direction
transverse
t
two divisions
bi-
t
three divisions
tri-
t
head
-ceps
t
large
maximus
t
located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle
deltoid muscle
t
back upper leg; knee flexion and hip extension; biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
hamstrings
t
(occipitofrontalis) muscle in the forehead that raises and lowers the eyebrows
frontalis
t
moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth
temporalis
t
one of the strongest muscles in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing
masseter
t
muscles found in the abdomen
external oblique and internal oblique
t
muscle that flexes the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine
rectus abdominis
t
(core muscle) located on the side of the abdomen
transverse abdominis
t
forms the muscular cap of the shoulder
deltoid
t
moves the head and shoulder blade
trapezius
t
muscle located in the anterior the upper arm, flexes the elbow
biceps brachii
t
located in the posterior upper arm, extends the elbow
triceps brachii
t
extends the leg at the knee
rectus femoris
t
4 muscles which flex and extend the leg at the knee
quadriceps femoris
t
involved in knee flexion and hip extension
hamstrings
t
calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward
gastrocnemius
t
a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
exercise physiologist
t
a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function
neurologist
t
(OT) helps to enable patients to participate in the activities of daily life, including self-care, education, work, or social interaction
occupational therapist
t
a physician who specialized in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
physiatrist
t
restoration, following disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner
rehabilitation
t
(PT) provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques
physical therapist
