The Multi-Store Model

Question 1

Who created the Multi Store Model

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 2

What are the three storage units in the mult-store model

Answer 2

Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory and Sensory Memory

Question 3

What are storage units called in the multi-store model

Answer 3

Unitary Storage Units

Question 4

What is the Sensory Memory in the Multi-Store Model

Answer 4

Where information from each sense (sight, hearing etc) are stored

Question 5

What are the characteristics of semantic memory in the Multi-Store Model

Answer 5

Capacity is large, as it’s constantly recieving information
Duration is milliseconds

Question 6

When does information get passed from sensory memory into short term memory

Answer 6

When the information recieves attention

Question 7

What is the STM in the Multi-Store Model

Answer 7

Short Term Memory is used for immediate tasks and while information is in the STM it is fragile, as it will decay rapidly if not repeated and risks displacement

Question 8

What are some characteristics of the STM in the Multi Store Model

Answer 8

STM is limited to 7+-2 pieces of information, has a duration of 18-20 seconds and is acoustically encoded (techincally part of seperate essay but feels relevant)

Question 9

What is the process of regular rehersal to pass memories into LTM called

Answer 9

Maintainance Rehersal

Question 10

What is Maintainance Rehersal

Answer 10

Where repeated information remains in STM and creates a long term memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed this direct relationship between STM and LTM where more repeated is better remembered

Question 11

What is the LTM in the multi store model

Answer 11

Long Term Memory is where information is stored and can be retained

Question 12

What are some features of the LTM in the Multi Store Model

Answer 12

Unlimited Capacity, a lifetime duration and semantically encoded (different essay but feels relevant)

Question 13

What is the process of getting information from the LTM to the STM called in the multi store model

Answer 13

Retrieval

Question 14

What are the different ways of forgetting information based on the store in the multi-store model

Answer 14

STM - Forgets through displacememt and trace decay
LTM - Forgets through interference and retrieval failiure

Question 15

What is trace decay

Answer 15

Where unused neural pathways gradually fade away, leading to forgettign

Question 16

What lab studies have supported a seperate LTM and STM

Answer 16

Squire found that the hippocampus is activated when the LTM is in use, and Beardsley found that the prefrontal cortex is active during STM tasks but not LTM tasks, supports the existance of seperate types of memory found in Multi-Store Model

Question 17

What case studies support the existance of seperate memory units

Answer 17

The case of HM, who had his hippocampus removed in order to allow him to deal with severe epilepsy. His personality and intelligence remained intact, but he was unable to create new Long Term Memories, although he could remember events before his surgery. The inability to transfer information from his STM to his LTM supports the MSM’s notion of seperate stores (add counterargument about LTM retrieval)

Question 18

Why might HM’s case study not support the Multi-Store Models view of LTM

Answer 18

His ability to retrieve memories from before the surgery despite LTM being ‘gone’ suggests that MSM may not explain LTM entirely

Question 19

Who had his hippocampus removed and now acts as a case study unable to make long term memories

Answer 19

HM

Question 20

Who found the hippocampus is activated when the LTM is in use

Answer 20

Squire

Question 21

Who found that the prefrontal cortex is activated for STM tasks

Answer 21

Beardsley

Question 22

Why might the Multi-Store Model be too simplistic to be a functional model for memory

Answer 22

For example the maintainance rehersal structure explains the long term storage of semantic memory but not other kinds of memory, such as episodic memory. The Working Memory Model shows how memory is split into quantitatively different stores not just based on capactiy and duration, but also the types of information stored there. The failiure of MSM to deal with these more complex elements of memory suggest an alternative model is needed

Question 23

What research has questioned the seperation of LTM and STM in the MSM.

Answer 23

Logie claimed that the STM relies on the LTM, so it cannot simply come first. This was demonstrated by Ruchkin et al by getting a group of participants to recall a set of words and pseudo-words, finding significantly more brain activity when remembering real words over pseudo ones, suggesting that the LTM was engaged in the task as well as the STM, and so the to types of storage may not be as seperate as the MSM suggests

Question 24

Who claimed that the STM relies on the LTM so cannot simply come first

Answer 24

Logie

Question 25

Who found that there was significantly more brain activity when remembering real words over pseudo ones

Answer 25

Ruchkin