Situational Variables affecting obedience Flashcards
How many particpants were involved in Milgram’s study
40
What were particpants of Milgram’s study told the study was about
How punishment affects learning
What was the set up of Milgram’s study
Two confederates, one in a white lab coat, and one introduced to the participant as another volunteer. They drew rigged lots on learner and teacher, with the learner always being the confederate. The teacher was required to test the learner on word pairs and each time the learner got a question wrong they were required to shock them with increasing voltages going up 15V every time until 450V. In the voice feedback condition the learner would recieve fake shocks in silence until 300V, when they pound the table and refuse to answer the question. This would be repeated at 315V and then from then on the learner said/did nothing
What would the experimenter confederate say if the teacher asked to stop
The experimenter had a series of prods to repeat, such as “It is absolutely essential that you continue” or “you have no other choice, you must go on”.
What were the findings of Milgram’s voice feedback study
26 of the 40 participants (65%) went up to 450 V, despite the shock generator labelled as dangerous with XXX. All participants went above 300V with only 5 stopping when the learner objected
What was Milgrams proximity study
The teacher and learner were seated in the same room, and in an extreme variation the teacher was required to force the learner’s hand back onto the shock plate
What were the findings of Milgram’s proximity study
Obedience fell to 40% when the teacher and learner were in the same room, and fell to 30% in the variation where the teacher had to force the learner’s hand back on the shock plate.
Other than proximity of learner, what else played a role in Milgram’s proximity study
Proximity of experimenter, with the experimenter absent study having the experimenter giving orders over the phone. In this case obedience fell to 21% (of those continuing to max shock)
How was the situation factor of location studied in milgrams experiment
Moved the study to a run down office. Obedeince rates dropped slightly by 48% went on to the max shock
How did Bushmann examine the effect of uniform
Had a female researcher dress in police style, busness executive or beggar, then stopped people and told them to give change to a researcher for a parking meter. 73% obeyed in police uniform, 48% obeyed in business exec and 52% obeyed as beggar
Who studied the effect of uniform
Bushmann
How is Milgram’s research strengthened by replicability
Repliable even in modern times. Blass carried out stat analysis on obedience studies between 1961 and 1985, found no correlation between year of publication and obedience. Recent study by Burger in 2009 found levels of obedience almost identical to Milgram
Who did stat evaluation on obedience studies
Blass
Who dound similar almost identical results to Milgram
Burger in 2009
What did Fromm think affected obedience levels
Fromm argued that obedeince levels were directly affected by the fact that participants knew they were taking part in a scientific study. Science is prestigious and the experimenter represented that. Fromm found the 35% disobedience more interesting than the obedience. He argued that we must be cautious making sweeping generalisations from Milgram’s study, such as beleiving the majority would commit war crimes
Who argued that Milgrams conclusions were not borne out of real life events
Mandel
Who argued that obedience was affected by the fact particpants were in a scientific study
Fromm
Who did research on little kids identifying uniforms
Durkin and Jeffery
