The Modern World #1 Flashcards
English Revolution
The civil war between the king and parliament over which role both of them should play in ruling England.
Tudors and Parliament
Good relationship, the Tudors used Parliament to greater their rule, levied taxes through parliament, and people were free to speak in Parliament.
Elizabeth I and Parliament
Used parliament to make England Protestant, and she summoned 10 parliaments (Louis XIV held none).
James I and Parliament
Ruled 1603 - 1625. He lectured parliament about divine right and tried to raise funds without their consent (sold titles, raised taxes).
Charles I and Parliament
Ruled 1625 - 1649. Tried to force Parliament to raise taxes and imprisoned any members who wouldn’t listen to him. He was forced to sign the Petition of Right that made him promise not to not imprision people falsely, or raise taxes without consenting Parliament. He ignored this petition and called Parliament, beginning a civil war. He wanted to make the Anglican Church more ceremonial, while Puritans wanted the church purified. Many left when Charles began to force changes. Puritans in the House of Commons part of Parliament executed one of Charles’ chief ministers, Archbishop Laud.
Charles II
People got sick of the strict morality of Puritan and military rule, and in 1660 Charles II reopened taverns and held the Petition of Right, but held court in an absolute way like Louis XIV.
Absolutism
A system where the ruler holds complete and total power. It was a response to the crises of the seventeenth century and was tied to the idea of divine right.
Sovereignty
Supreme power and authority
Divine Right of Kings
The idea that the king was given his power from the gods and doesn’t respond to anyone but god.
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis XIII’s chief minister who strengthened the king’s power. Since the Huguenots were considered a threat, he took away their political and military rights. He set up a spy network to uncover noble’s plots and then crushed the conspiracies and killed the conspirators.
Cardinal Mazarin
Louis XIV inherited the throne in 1643 but was so young that his chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, had to take over. Crushed a revolution led by nobles.
Sun King
Louis fostered the rumor that he was the Sun King - the source of light for all of his people.
Versailles
Palace where the king lived. It was considered a symbol of his absolute rule. It was the place where powerful subjects came to find offices and favors.
Huguenots
French protestants influenced by John Calvin, and were 7% of the total population, but about 50% of the nobility, making them a threat to the king.
The Edict of Nantes
Catholics and Huguenots were fighting for 30 years until in 1589, Henry of Navarre, the political leader for the Huguenots. He succeeded to the throne as Henry IV, and when he was crowned in 1594 he converted to Catholicism. In the Edict of Nantes, issued in 1598, the religious issue was solved. It established Catholicism as the official French religion, but gave Huguenots the right to worship and practice.
