Global Interactions #1 Flashcards
“Glory, Gold, and God”
Chief motives for European expansion.
Marco Polo
Wrote The Travels after traveling with his father to Kublai Khan’s court in the late 1400s. Many read his book and became fascinated in the exotic East. This included Christopher Columbus.
Ottoman Empire 1453
Were so powerful that it forced other empires to take longer routes when exploring as to avoid conflict with the Turks.
Caravel
Faster ship designed by the Portuguese. Its triangle (lateen) sails allowed sailors to sail through wind. It was well suited for long exploration voyages.
Compass
The magnetic compass was invented in China and helped sailors chart a course across the ocean.
Astrolabe
A Greek invention improved by the Arabs that European sailors used to plot the latitude using the sun and stars.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Sponsored the first European exploration. In 1520, Portuguese fleets explored the western African coast. They discovered a new source of gold and the southern coast of West Africa became known as the Gold Coast.
Bartholomeu Dias
In 1488 Bartholomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa. This became known as the Cape of Good Hope.
Vasco da Gama
Went around the Cape and cut across the Indian Ocean to the coast of India. In 1498 he arrived at the Calicut port and took on a cargo of spices. When he came back to Portugal, he earned a profit of several thousand percent.
Ferdinand Magellan
Remembered as the first person to circumnavigate the globe. Was sponsored by the Spanish king and set sail in 1519. In 1520 he passed through the Strait of Magellan and arrived at the Philippines, but was killed by the native people there.
Christopher Columbus 1492
Sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella and arrived at the Americas in 1492 thinking it was Asia. Went through 4 voyages and arrived at all four Caribbean Islands and the Honduras in Central America and called them all the Indies.
Spice Islands/Moluccas
The Portuguese’s goal from exploration was to range for the source of the Spice Trade. Albuquerque, a Portuguese explorer, eventually arrived at Melaka. The Portuguese gained control of Melaka, destroying Arab control of the Spice Trade and giving them a route to the Moluccas, which were then the Spice Islands. They signed a treaty at the Spice Islands, establishing their control of the trade, and making them the first successful European explorations.
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
A treaty between the Spanish and Portuguese that created a line of demarcation from north to south through the Atlantic Ocean and east South America. Any territories east of the line were Portugal’s. Any that were west belonged to Spain. This ensured that the Portuguese and Spanish didn’t clash in their exploration journeys.
Alexander VI
The Treaty of Tordesillas was created by Pope Alexander Vi.
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas that transformed economic activity in both worlds.
Europe sent horses, cattle, and wheat to the Americas
The Americas sent potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, and tobacco
