Modern World #2

Question 1

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Answer 1

Louis XIV’s controller-general of finances. He followed mercantilism and decreased imports and increased exports by granting subsidies to new industries. He built roads and canals to improve domestic trading and communication and he raised tariffs on foreign goods and created a merchant marine to directly decrease imports.

Question 2

Mercantilism

Answer 2

Maximizing exports and minimizing imports.

Question 3

Tariffs

Answer 3

A tax on imports or exports of goods between countries

Question 4

Subsidies

Answer 4

A benefit given by a government to a government or industry.

Question 5

Favorable balance of trade

Answer 5

When a country exports more goods than it imports.

Question 6

Divine Right of Kings

Answer 6

The idea that the kings are given their power and right to rule from the gods and should only respond to the gods.

Question 7

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 7

The reason Parliament was victorious in the civil war of 1642. The New Model Army of Oliver Cromwell was the reason Parliament won, and Cromwell is considered a military genius. Oliver Cromwell and the Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers in 1646. He then took over as military dictator, beginning the Commonwealth

Question 8

Roundheads

Answer 8

People who believed the power of the king should be curbed, made up of the gentry and burgesses, and were the Puritan clergy

Question 9

Cavaliers

Answer 9

Supports of Charles I, made up of Anglicans, Catholics, and nobles as well as anyone else who disagreed with the Puritans.

Question 10

Puritans

Answer 10

Wanted to “purify” the church

Question 11

The Commonwealth

Answer 11

Began after the defeat of the Cavaliers in 1646, when Oliver Cromwell took over as military dictator. The monarchy was abolished, Cromwell suppressed any religious and political opposition, the Puritan morality made them close all theaters, taverns, and gambling was banned. All Protestants could worship. The Constitution of 1653 named the Instrument of Government created an elected Parliament and the title of Lord Protector (which Oliver Cromwell was awarded with). After Cromwell died in 1658, however, the Commonwealth did not survive.

Question 12

Restoration

Answer 12

People grew sick of the strict morality of Puritan rule, and in 1660 Charles II came to power, reopening all taverns. He accepted the Petition of Right but held absolute court, and in 1658 James II succeeded to the throne and he believed in absolutism.